Integrating Islamic Values into Women’s Economic Roles: The Contribution of OJESY Drivers to Household Economy in Urban Indonesia

Authors

  • Unzhila Nur Ilmiatun P Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia
  • Muslimin Kara Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia
  • Ahmad Efendi Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v7i3.7792

Keywords:

Women’s Economic Empowerment, Transportation, Informal Economy, Islamic Ethics, Gender, Maqasid al-sharia, Indonesia

Abstract

This study investigates the integration of Islamic values into the economic roles of women by focusing on Muslim women motorcycle taxi drivers (Ojek Syariah Muslimah or OJESY) in Indonesia. The objective is to examine the contribution of OJESY drivers’ income to household economies and the meanings associated with their work within an Islamic value framework. Using a phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed narratively to explore drivers’ motivations, income management strategies, and the balance between domestic and public roles. The findings indicate that OJESY drivers make significant contributions to household welfare by financing children’s education, increasing savings, and improving household assets. Participants perceive their work as morally safe and sharia-compliant, which fosters a sense of tranquility and strengthens social legitimacy. Despite these benefits, challenges remain, including income instability, the dual burden of work and family responsibilities, and limited access to social protection. The study recommends enhancing community-based support, expanding sharia-compliant entrepreneurial training, and integrating social protection mechanisms for informal workers on digital platforms. By framing OJESY within the context of maqasid al-sharia, particularly in preserving family welfare, the study contributes to the discourse on gender-inclusive Islamic economics and proposes policy innovations for sustainable and inclusive economic empowerment.

References

AF, A., Kara, M., Masse, R. A., & Iswandi, B. (2025). Economic Empowerment Through Strengthening Business Partnerships at Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Khoirat Ketapang in Ketapang Regency. Southeast Asia Journal Of Graduate Of Islamic Business And Economics, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.37567/sajgibe.v4i1.3705

Agenjo-Calderón, A., & Gálvez-Muñoz, L. (2019). Feminist Economics: Theoretical and Political Dimensions. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 78(1), 137–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12264

Agustina, T. S., & Wulansari, I. P. (2021). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Determinan Kepuasan Kerja Wanita Sebagai Pengemudi Ojek Syar’i. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan, 8(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.20473/vol8iss20211pp97-107

Ahyani, H., & Figueiredo, A. J. P. (2024). Integrating Shariah Principles in Modern Family and Economic Life for Social Well-being and Justice. Munakahat: Journal of Islamic Family Law, 1(1), 93–106. https://ejournal.kampusalazhar.ac.id/index.php/JMK/article/view/25

Aini, S. N. (2024). The Role of Hadith in Determining Islamic Economic Law: A Study of Economic Hadiths in Sahih Bukhari and Muslim. Journal of Noesantara Islamic Studies, 1(4), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.70177/jnis.v1i4.1390

Ajib, W. H. M. (2022). Application of Fintech for a Modern Islamic Financial Industry: Challenges and Practical Solutions. Al-Muhasib: Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance, II(2), 167–192. https://jurnalfebi.iainkediri.ac.id/index.php/almuhasib/article/view/238

Al Dwakat, M. K., Al Dwaikat, M. K., & Alolabi, Y. A. (2023). the Educational Role of the Arab Family: Challenges of Cultural Globalization. International Journal of Business and Society, 24(3), 1118–1142. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.6405.2023

Ali, A. Y. (2015). The Meaning of The Holy Qur’an (11th ed.).

Alim, A. S., Alim, A., & Hafidhuddin, D. (2024). Beyond Material Wealth: A Conceptual Analysis of Well-being Terminology in the Quran. Journal of Islamic Economics Literatures, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.58968/jiel.v5i2.549

Amiruddin, R., Abdullah, M. R., & Noor Bakri, A. (2025). The Influence of e-WOM, Fashion Trends, and Income on the Consumption Style of the Muslim Community in Palopo City: A Quantitative Analysis. El-Qist: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business (JIEB), 14(2), 185–205. https://doi.org/10.15642/elqist.2024.14.2.185-204

Andini. (2023). Istri yang Berprofesi Sebagai Driver Ojek Online Untuk Memenuhi Nafkah Keluarga di Komunitas Driver Ojek Online Palu (Perspektif Hukum Islam). Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama Palu.

Arief, M. M., Afnanda, M., & Rohmatika, R. V. (2023). Designing Family Education Through The Rules of The Quran and Hadith Antropologi. Journal of Applied Transintegration Paradigm, 3(2), 1–15. https://ojs.lp2m.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/jatp/article/view/2256

Arno, A., & Mujahidin, M. (2024). Enhancing Zakat Management: The Role of Monitoring and Evaluation in the Amil Zakat Agency. Jurnal Economia, 20(3), 397-418. doi:https://doi.org/10.21831/economia.v20i3.53521

Avianty, I., Sinring, K., & Jalal. (2021). Peran Pengemudi Ojek Online Perempuan Dalam Membantu Perekonomian Keluarga Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Education, Language and Culture Journal, 1(1), 104–115. https://doi.org/10.56314/edulec.v1i1.12

Azizah, S. N., Qoyum, A., & Prasojo. (2019). Islam, women labor and economic development. Proceeding of Conference on Islamic Management, Accounting, and Economics (CIMAE), 221–234. https://journal.uii.ac.id/CIMAE/article/view/12873/9470

Bafadhal, A. S. (2021). Penggunaan Ojek Syariah Sebagai Moda Transportasi Muslimah Urban: Merek Atau Religiusitas? Profit: Jurnal Administrasi Binis, 15(01), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.profit.2021.015.01.14

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 13(2), 201–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1704846

Braun, V., Clarke, V., Hayfield, N., & Terry, G. (2019). Thematic analysis. In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences (hal. 843–860). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_103

Carnegie, M. (2023). The Gig Economy Is Much Worse for Women. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/the-gig-economy-is-much-worse-for-women/

Chusni, A., Afifah, D., Febriyanti, S., & Nur, D. M. M. (2024). KESETARAAN GENDER PEREMPUAN PENGRAJIN GENTENG DALAM SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DAMPAK SOSIAL EKONOMI DESA NGEMBALREJO KABUPATEN KUDUS. UTILITY: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Ekonomi, 8(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.30599/utility.v8i1.2998

Darmaputra, R., Hidayat, R., Nurjana, J., Bulan, W. R., Widianingsih, Y., & Manolu, R. (2024). Dampak Profesi Ojek Online Bagi Perekonomian Driver Ojek Online. Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi, 2(1), 139–150.

Doss, C. R., & Quisumbing, A. R. (2020). Understanding rural household behavior: Beyond Boserup and Becker. Agricultural Economics (United Kingdom), 51(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12540

Efendi, A., Tawwab, M. A., Siradjuddin, S., & Arifin, A. (2024). Landasan Hukum Syar’i dan Hukum Positif Halal Haram Industri Produk Halal Indonesia. JIEL : Journal of Islamic Economic and Law, 1(1), 12–26. https://jurnal.kalimasadagroup.com/index.php/jiel/article/view/514

El Maghrebi, N., Mirakhor, A., Akın, T., & Iqbal, Z. (2023). Behavioural Norms and Institutional Structure of Iqtiṣād. In Revisiting Islamic Economics. Palgrave Studies in Islamic Banking, Finance, and Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41134-2_7

Fathallah, R., Sidani, Y., & Khalil, S. (2020). How Religion Shapes Family Business Ethical Behaviors: An Institutional Logics Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 163(4), 647–659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04383-6

Fauzah, N., Fuad, Z., Farma, J., & ... (2023). Peran Perempuan Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Keluarga: Tinjauan Ekonomi Islam. Jurnal Manajemen …. https://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/dakwah/JMD/article/view/2831

Fiqran, M., Mujahidin, M., Bakri, A. N., & Abdulrahman, A. J. A. (2024). Motivation for Waqf in Millennials and Generation Z: Highlighting Religiosity, Literacy and Accessibility. IKONOMIKA, 9(2), 309-332.

Fitria, T. N. (2025). A Working Wife: An Islamic Economic Perspective on Women’s Economic Participation in Household and Workforce. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 11(03), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v11i03.17112

Gupta, S., Wei, M., Tzempelikos, N., & Shin, M. M. (2024). Women empowerment: challenges and opportunities for sustainable development goals. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 27(4), 608–630. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-11-2023-0160

Habiba, B. D. (2022). Program Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dalam Kesetaraan di Gampong Lampoh Daya Kecamatan Jaya Baru Kota Banda Aceh [Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry]. https://ojs.lp2m.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/jatp/article/view/2256

Herianti, H., Siradjuddin, S., & Efendi, A. (2023). Industri Halal Dari Perspektif Potensi Dan Perkembangannya Di Indonesia. Indonesia Journal of Halal, 6(2), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.14710/halal.v6i2.19249

Humairo, A. Z. K., Rhain, A., & Mohamed, A. A. (2025). Interpreting Faith and Good Deeds Through a Gender Lens : Insights from Thematic Qur’anic Exegesis. Solo International Collaboration and Publication of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(3), 457–474. https://doi.org/10.61455/sicopus.v3i03.360

Irawati, N. W., & Bulutoding, L. (2024). Trilogi Halal Tourism Al-Mulk. JIEI (Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam), 10(01), 778–785. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v10i1.12380

Irwana, R., Syarifuddin, S., & Syahrul, M. (2023). Ketentuan Perempuan Bekerja Dalam Islam Untuk Membantu Perekonomian Keluarga (Istri Yang Bekerja Sebagai Driver Ojek Online). QANUN: Journal Of Islamic Laws and Studies, 2(1), 208–213.

Ishak, I., Putri, Q. A. R., & Sarijuddin, P. (2024). Halal Product Assurance at Traditional Markets in Luwu Raya Based on Halal Supply Chain Traceability. Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah, 8(2), 224-240.

Jackson, C., Vaughan, D. R., & Brown, L. (2018). Discovering lived experiences through descriptive phenomenology. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(11), 3309–3325. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2017-0707

K, A. ., Astuti, A. R. T. ., & ., Mujahidin. (2024). The Impact of Word of Mouth and Customer Satisfaction on Purchase Decisions: The Role of Maslahah as an Intervening Variable in the Cosmetic Products Industry in Indonesia. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(7), 1525–1540. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i7.4307

Khusaini, M., Sufiandi, I., & Ali, Z. Z. (2024). Exploring The Phenomenon and Risks of Female Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Metro Lampung From a Maslahah Perspective. Syakhshiyyah Jurnal Hukum …. https://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/syakhsiyah/article/view/9299

Kwan, H. (2022). Gendered precarious employment in China’s gig economy: exploring women gig drivers’ intersectional vulnerabilities and resistances. Gender & Development, 30(3), 551–573.

Landolfi, A., Barattucci, M., & Presti, A. Lo. (2020). A Time-Lagged Examination of the Greenhaus and Allen Work-Family Balance Model. Behavioral Sciences, 10(9), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/BS10090140

Larasati, D., & Rahmatina Awaliah, K. (2018). Demand of Using Sharing-Based Transportation Services in Indonesia: Does Socio-Religious Preference Matter? 2nd International Conference on Indonesian Economy and Development (ICIED 2017) Demand, 126(Icied 2017), 148–152. https://doi.org/10.2991/icied-17.2018.28

Liebmann, L. L., & Galal, L. P. (2020). Classing religion, resourcing women: Muslim women negotiating space for action. Cultural Dynamics, 32(4), 261–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0921374020934505

Liem, C. (2025). Female Leaders in the Male-Dominated Industry: Is that Possible? FIRM Journal of Management Studies, 10(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.33021/firm.v10i1.6051

Lim, W. M. (2025). What Is Qualitative Research? An Overview and Guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 33(2), 199–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264619

Lubis, R. S., Kaskoyo, H., Febryano, I. G., & Bakri, S. (2019). Contribution of Woman Forest Farmers on Family Income at Private Forest in Air Kubang Village Air Naningan District Tanggamus Regency. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 7(2), 186–194. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl27186-194

Mainiyo, A. S., & Sule, M. M. (2023). Impact of Qur’anic Moral Excellence on the Lives of Muslim Society: An Exposition. Demak Universal Journal of Islam and Sharia, 1(03), 188–205. https://doi.org/10.61455/deujis.v1i03.73

Majid, N. H. A., Omar, A. M., & Busry, L. H., Mujahidin Reviving Waqf In Higher Education Institutions: A Comparative Review Of Selected Countries. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences.

Mckim, C. (2023). Meaningful Member-Checking : A Structured Approach to Member- Checking. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 7(2), 41–52. https://www.ajqr.org/article/meaningful-member-checking-a-structured-approach-to-member-checking-12973

Meilany, R., Fasiha, F., & Moalla, M. (2025). The Role of Interest as a Mediator in The Relationship of Knowledge and Islamic Financial Inclusion to The Loyalty Costumers of Non-Muslim. IKONOMIKA, 10(1), 1-24.

Meta, W., Meilisa, M., & Arafat, L. A. (2024). The Impact of Uncertainty and Macroeconomic on Income Inequality in Indonesia. Equity: Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(2), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.33019/equity.v12i2.385

Meydan, C. H., & Akkaş, H. (2024). The Role of Triangulation in Qualitative Research: Converging Perspectives. In Principles of Conducting Qualitative Research in Multicultural Settings (hal. 32). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3306-8.ch006

Mujahidin, Rahmadani, N., & Putri, Q. A. R. (2024). Analysis of the Influence of Religiosity Values In Reducing Consumptive Behavior in Indonesian Muslim Consumers. Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah, 8(2), 253-274.

Mursalina, A., Milda, A., Mirdasila, M., & ... (2023). Female Online Motorcycle Drivers and Their Gender Equity: A Case in Pontianak. In … and Gender Studies. journal.unej.ac.id. https://journal.unej.ac.id/JFGS/article/download/4520/1069#page=43

Muslih, M., & Dimyati, M. (2024). Analisis Keharmonisan Rumah Tangga Istri Berprofesi sebagai Ojek Online: Perspektif Teori Batas atau Hudud. In Bulletin of Community Engagement. attractivejournal.com. https://attractivejournal.com/index.php/bce/article/download/1296/1240

Mustofa, R. H., Hanifah, A. N. U., & Karima, M. (2022). Peran dan Kontribusi Perempuan Penjual Jamu Gendong Pada Perekonomian Keluarga Di Kabupaten Boyolali. Musãwa: Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam, 21(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2022.211.53-64

Nabilah, A. P., & Salsabila. (2024). Gender Equality in the Islamic Perspective According To Quran Surah an-Nahl Verse 97. Islamologi: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan, 1(2). https://jipkm.com/index.php/islamologi

Nahari, L. (2024). Peran Istri yang Bekerja dalam Keluarga: Analisis Maslahat Menuju Keseimbangan Tradisi dan Kebutuhan Keluarga. Islamic Circle: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 5(2), 30–47. https://doi.org/10.56874/islamiccircle.v5i2.2192

Ningtyas, T., & Maeni, P. R. (2021). Mereduksi Stigma Negatif pada Perempuan Muslim Pengemudi Ojek Online di Kota Kediri. An-Nisa’ : Jurnal Kajian Perempuan dan Keislaman, 14(2), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.35719/annisa.v14i2.60

Nizam Ubaidilah, & Asmaul Husna. (2023). Regulation of Maintenance in Islamic Family Law: Implications for Family Welfare. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 5(4), 601~612. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v5i4.6639

Nuradi, N., Khatimah, H., Alim, A., & Muhammad, S. M. J. (2025). The Concept Of Zakat In The Qur’an As Wealth Redistribution And Motivation For Building Social Welfare. ZAD Al-Mufassirin, 7(1), 123–152. https://doi.org/10.55759/zam.v7i1.269

Poernomowati, K. (2019). Pada Segmentasi Pelanggan Wanita Di Era [Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/199187184.pdf

Putri, Q. A. R., Fasiha, F., & Rasbi, M. (2024). Affiliate marketing and intention to adopt mudarabah: The mediating role of trust in Islamic financial decision-making. JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 21(2), 337–362. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v21i2.23381

Rafi’i, M., Fitriyanti, F., Romadhan, M. L. T., Susila, & Mumtazah, N. L. (2022). The Position of Online Ojek Based on the Perspective of Islamic Law. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 6(4), 553–560. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v6i4.51193

Rahma, N. N. (2024). BPS: Per Maret 2024, Jumlah Orang Miskin Indonesia Capai 25,22 Juta Orang. Validnews. https://validnews.id/ekonomi/bps-per-maret-2024-jumlah-orang-miskin-indonesia-capai-2522-juta-orang

Raza, A., Anjum, G. M., Iqbal, J., & Anwar, M. I. (2024). Islamic Principles of Charity and Their Role in Poverty Alleviatio. Al-Mahdi Research Journal (MRJ), 5(3), 1211–1219. https://ojs.mrj.com.pk/index.php/MRJ/article/view/453

Risal, M., & Abdullah, M. W. (2022). Implementasi Shariah Enterprise Theory Pada Lembaga Amil Zakat Dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan Sosial. SOSAINS: Jurnal Sosial dan Sains, 2(1), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.36418/sosains.v2i1.296

Rumengan, J. A. (2023). The dangers of being a female rideshare driver in Jakarta. Rest of World. https://restofworld.org/2023/women-gig-workers-trials-indonesia/

Ruslin, I. T. (2022). The way of a patriarchal bargain: how the bargain under the structure and agency perspective. ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia, 7(2), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.31947/etnosia.v7i2.21293

Rusydiana, A. S., Sari, M., Yudhistira Adi Seputra, R., & Wachyudi, A. F. (2021). How Far has Halal Transportation been Researched? Library Philosophy and Practice. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5420

Sapsuha, M. U., Alwi, Z., Sakka, A. R., & Al-Ayyubi, M. S. (2024). Review of Gold Trading Practices on Credit (non-Cash) Based on Hadith. Al-Kharaj: Journal of Islamic Economic and Business, 6(3).

Sapsuha, M. U., Siradjuddin, & Lutfi, M. (2025). Halal Industry Development Strategy in The Cosmetics Sector: A Study of Islamic Business Ethics. J-CEKI : Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 4(3), 248–268. https://doi.org/10.56799/jceki.v4i3.7677

Saunders, B., Sim, J., Kingstone, T., Baker, S., Waterfield, J., Bartlam, B., Burroughs, H., & Jinks, C. (2018). Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Quality and Quantity, 52(4), 1893–1907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0574-8

Sayem, A., Aprianto, N. E. K., & Voak, A. (2023). Perspective on the Islamic Welfare State : The Goals of Economic Development Justice. el-Jizya : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 11(1), 103–120.

Setiawan, Fransiska, A. T., Pebrianti, G. N., Pakpahan, R., & Susana, L. M. (2025). Urban Muslim Households : How Sharia Consumption Loyalty And Sharia Financial Literacy Shape Life Satisfaction. Ekspansi: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, Perbankan dan Akuntansi, 17(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.35313/ekspansi.v17i1.6535

Sri Gugan, S., Jerom Stuward, J., & Subhashini, A. (2024). The Role of Women in Economic Development. Shanlax International Journal of Economics, 12(2), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.34293/ economics.v12i2.7211

Suhaimi, S. (2023). Wealth in the Perspectives of the Quran. Jurnal Ilmiah Al Mu’Ashirah, 20(2), 276–287. https://doi.org/10.22373/jim.v20i2.18725

Suzuki, Y., & Miah, M. D. (2022). Digital Transformation in Islamic Finance: A Critical and Analytical View. In I. Bhatti (Ed.), Routledge. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003262169

Topal, S. (2024). An Intellectual Analysis on The Nature of Family Economics in Islamic Law. Kocaeli Theology, 8(2), 129–144. https://doi.org/kider.1547135

Utami, N. F. (2024). Building Children’s Spiritual Foundations: A Study on the Implementation of Islamic Religious Education in Muslim Families. Sufiya Journal of Islamic Studies, 1(3), 150–158. https://journal.sufiya.org/index.php/sjis/article/view/140%0Ahttps://journal.sufiya.org/index.php/sjis/article/download/140/60

Wahid, A., Amin, H., Assagaf, J., Yahya, A., & Nufiar. (2023). Sexual Violence Prevention Strategies Based on Hadith Guidance. Journal of Islamic Studies, 27(2), 573–597. https://ojs.mrj.com.pk/index.php/MRJ/article/view/453

Woodcock, J., & Graham, M. (2020). A Critical Introduction: the Gig Economy. In Polity Press. Polity Press.

Wulandari, S., Irfan, A., Zakaria, N. B., & Mujahidin. (2024). Survey Study on Fraud Prevention Disclosure Measurement at State Islamic Universities in Indonesia. IQTISHODUNA: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 13(1), 327–348. https://doi.org/10.54471/iqtishoduna.v13i1.2305

Zulfiyan, A. (2020). Legal Protection for Women Drivers in the Gig Economy: Evidence from Tulungagung, East Java. Brawijaya Law Journal, 7(2), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2020.007.02.05

Downloads

Published

2025-09-17

How to Cite

Unzhila Nur Ilmiatun P, Muslimin Kara, & Ahmad Efendi. (2025). Integrating Islamic Values into Women’s Economic Roles: The Contribution of OJESY Drivers to Household Economy in Urban Indonesia. Al-Kharaj: Journal of Islamic Economic and Business, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v7i3.7792

Citation Check

Similar Articles

<< < 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.