Protection of Concurrent Creditors in PKPU against Bankrupt Debtors from the Perspective of Hifz Maal (A Case Study of PT Altha Medika Indonesia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v8i3.12085Keywords:
Bankruptcy Debtors, Hifz Maal, Concurrent Creditors, Protection, PKPUAbstract
Concurrent creditors do not possess specific security rights, making their position the weakest in the distribution of a debtor's assets. This is reflected in the case of PT Altha Medika Indonesia, which experienced financial difficulties resulting in delays in payments to its creditors. In Decision Number 238/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2024/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst., the debtor proposed a debt repayment scheme of 50% of the outstanding debt, with the remaining balance to be paid over a period of 60 months. However, the debtor failed to fulfill its payment obligations to the concurrent creditors. Consequently, the creditors filed a petition for the annulment of the composition agreement under Decision Number 63/Pdt.Sus-Pembatalan Perdamaian/2025/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst., which ultimately resulted in the debtor being declared bankrupt. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of concurrent creditors in PKPU, examine the regulation of legal protection for concurrent creditors in the case of PT Altha Medika Indonesia, and analyze it from the perspective of hifz maal. This research employs normative legal research using the statute approach, conceptual approach, and judicial case study approach. The data used are secondary data collected through library research and analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that the legal protection of concurrent creditors in PKPU is provided through voting rights, the right to file objections, and the right to receive proportional payment. Nevertheless, such protection remains inadequate because concurrent creditors remain in a vulnerable position due to the absence of security rights and their dependence on the debtor's ability to fulfill its obligations. From the perspective of hifz maal, the protection of property, justice, and responsibility in fulfilling the rights of concurrent creditors are strongly emphasized.
References
Abizar, F., & Fauzi, R, P, M. (2025). Tanggung Jawab Hukum Agen Asuransi Terkait Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam Pelaksanaan Pembayaran Premi oleh Nasabah Asuransi Jiwa ( Studi AJB Bumiputera 1912 Kantor Wilayah Medan ). 4(6), 339–353.
Akhsan, M. (2024). Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Tanggung Jawab Perusahaan Asuransi Jiwa Bersama Bumiputera 1912 Cabang Buton Kepada Pemegang Polis. 1(4), 94–105.
Ananda, J. W. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditur Separatis Dalam Perkara Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang Terhadap Debitur Yang Telah Dinyatakan Pailit Perspektif Maqashid Syariah (Studi Putusan 49/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2023/PN.Niaga.Mdn). Fakultas Syari’ah dan Hukum Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan 2025 m / 1446 h.
Anzward, B., Darwin., & Endang, S, R, W. (2019). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kreditor Konkuren (Tanpa Jaminan) Dalam Perkara Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) Pt . Asmin Koalindo Tuhup Law Protection Towards Concurrent Creditors In Tbe Delay Of Debt Payment Obligations ( PKPU ) PT. Asmin Jurnal De Facto. 5(2), 144–161.
Ardiansyah, M, L., & Yadi, M, H. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kreditur Sebagai Pemegang Hak Jaminan Dalam Perkara Debitur Wanprestasi. 4(5), 337-343.
Dayu, W., & Syukri, M, A. N. (1866). Telaah Maqashid Syariah Atas Efektivitas Penyelesaian Perkara Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang ( PKPU ) Perbankan Syariah di Kota Medan. 01, 201–218. https://doi.org/10.30868/ad.v6i01.2365
Fahrisma, N. S. P, & Permata, C. (2026). Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Keamanan Data Pribadi Pasca Rekam Retina Mata Perspektif. 4(3), 1411–1423.
Fikri, A. L. R. (2023). Kajian Maqashid Syari’ah dalam Undang-undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara di Indonesia. Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam, 26(2), 197–206. https://jurnalfsh.uinsa.ac.id/index.php/qanun/article/view/1756
Fitri, Y, A., & Budhiawan, A. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Debitur Yang Beritikad Baik Dalam Perjanjian Over Kredit. Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis. Tema/Edisi : Hukum Perdata (Bulan Keempat) https://jhlg.rewangrencang.com/. 5(4), 1–17.
Hakim, M. A. (2012). Analisis Aplikasi Akad T abarru ’ dalam Asuransi Syariah : Studi Kasus pada AJB Bumiputera 1912 Syariah Cabang Kudus. 3(1), 231–249.
Hasan, H., & Arkaan, M. D. (2025). Dilema Perlindungan Kreditur Dalam PKPU Dan Kepailitan : Pertentangan Antara Kepentingan Debitur Dan Prinsip Pari Passu Pro Rata Parte The Dilemma of Creditor Protection in PKPU and Bankruptcy : Conflict Between Debtor ’ s Interests and the Principle of Pari Passu Pro Rata Parte Artikel Penelitian Article History : Keywords : Passu Pro Rata Parte , Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu. 8(11), 7519–7527. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v8i11.10418
Hasanah, A. N. (n.d.). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditur Pada Gugatan Actio Pauliana. IX(II), 26–37.
Hermawan, G. F., Gozali, D. S., & Saprudin. (2026). Rekontruksi Perlindungan Hukum Kreditur Kreditur Konkuren Dalam Sistem Kepailitan Indonesia : Telaah Keadilan Distributif Dan Kepastian Hukum. 18(1),128–147.
Hindrawan, P., Sunarmi., Ginting, B., & Harianto, D. (2023). Tanggung Jawab Kurator dalam Menerapkan Asas Pari Passu Prorata Parte dalam Pengurusan dan Pemberesan Harta Pailit. 2(8), 720–732.
Kristianti, D. S. (2020). Integrasi Prinsip Syariah dalam Fungsi Intermediasi Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 315–339. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.3.2.315-339.
Margareta, S., Sesung, R., & Pratama, F. R. (2024). Kedudukan Hukum Agen Asuransi Dalam Pemasaran Produk Asuransi. 4(1), 1361–1366.
Moh. Horah, R. F., & Erie Hariyanto. (2021). Upaya Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syari’ah Jalur Non-Litigasi Melalui Mediasi. Istidlal: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Hukum Islam. 5(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.35316/istidlal.v5i1.302
Murtadho, N. A. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Kreditor Preferen dalam Pemberesan Proses Kepailitan. 2(3), 1997, 207–226.
Nurzannah, A., & Marlina Tarigan, T. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pencantuman Merek Terdaftar Pada Packing Snack Kiloan di Marketplace Shopee Perspektif Fatwa MUI Nomor I/Munas VII/MUI/5/2005 Tentang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. 5(1), 925-933. https://doi.org/ 10.55637/juinhum.5.1.8563.925-933.
Pranadita, N., & Durahman, D. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Polis Asuransi Jiwa Bersama Bumi Putera. 6(2), 85–92.
Putri, G., & Lie, G. (2023). Implementasi Prinsip Utmost Good Faith oleh Perusahaan Asuransi dalam Masa PKPU Terhadap Hak Pemegang Polis. 6(2), 5176–5185.
Putri, J, A., & P.M.A.S.H. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Atas Hak Kreditur Konkuren Dalam Kepailitan Studi Putusan: Nomor 15/Pdt.Sus-Pembatalan Perdamaian/2022/Pn.Niaga/ Jkt.Pst. 12(1), 51–61.
Syam, S., Permata, C., Haris, R, M., & Mora, M, M. (2024). Reevaluating the Legal Status of Monosodium Glutamate Consumption: The Indonesian Ulema Council’s Fatwas and Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah. 18(2), 289-302. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v18i2.11121.
Tulus, P, H, H., & Habeahan, B. (2025). Analisis Yuridis Perlindungan Kreditur Konkuren dalam Proses Kepailitan Berdasarkan Undang Undang No . 37 Tahun 2004. 06(05), 1370–1377.
Uli, S, B, R., & Permata, C. (2025). Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi Terhadap Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 277 K / Tun / Lh / 2024 Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah). 4(1), 325–337.
Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU).
Zahroh, F., Sarumaha, N. M., Nugroho, L. D. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Kreditur Konkuren dengan Menggunakan Mekanisme Gugatan Lain-Lain dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. 2023.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Aisyah, Cahaya Permata
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. In line with the license, authors are allowed to share and adapt the material. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
