Infrastructure Divergence And Its Impact On Economic Growth In West Nusa Tenggara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v8i2.9837Keywords:
Infrastructure; Economic Growth; GRDP; Random Effects Model; West Nusa TenggaraAbstract
Infrastructure growth in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) has shown uneven development at both the regional and sectoral levels in the last 10 years. This study examines how road, electricity and water infrastructure across the regions of NTB affect the economic growth considering interregional development divergence. An empirical approach was taken through panel data regression estimation with Random Effects specification, covering 100 observation units. Results indicate that there is a positive but insignificant relationship between that water infrastructure and economic growth, while road and electricity infrastructure have a positive and significant relationship. Although the models ability to explain variations in economic growth is relatively limited, the simultaneous effect of the three types of infrastructure remains significant. Overall, these findings that infrastructure contribution to the economic growth does not have a homogenous effect on the growth of regions. The results suggest the need for integrated infrastructure development policies that focus on improving service quality and road network connectivity need to be considered.
References
Afriyana, L., Salmah, E., Sriningsih, S., & Harsono, I. (2023). Analisis Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Inklusif Pada Kabupaten/Kota Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat Tahun 2016-2021. Elastisitas : Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 5(1). https://elastisitas.unram.ac.id/index.php/elastisitas/article/view/70
Alawi, I., Alwi, M., & Suriadi, I. (2025). Analisis pengaruh pembangunan infrastruktur jalan, listrik, air terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di kabupaten/kota di Pulau Lombok. Journal of Economics and Business, 11(2), 164–179. https://doi.org/doi:10.29303/EKONOBIS.V11I2.242
Angelina, D., & Wahyuni, K. T. (2021). Pengaruh infrastruktur ekonomi dan sosial terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, 2015–2019. Seminar Nasional Official Statistics, 2021(1), 733–742. https://doi.org/doi:10.34123/SEMNASOFFSTAT.V2021I1.1025
Aprilia, D. V., & Astuti, H. (2025). Pengaruh PAD dan DAU terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Provinsi Bengkulu. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 14, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.24843/eeb.2025.v14.i01.p04
Aris, M. N. M., Samsudin, M. A. I., Nagaratnam, S., Chien, L. K., & Daud, H. (2025). Enhancing Malaysia’s gross domestic product estimation: Advanced Gaussian processes in investigative and comparative analyses. Egyptian Informatics Journal, 32, 100816. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.eij.2025.100816
Asaleye, A. J., Garidzirai, R., & Ncanywa, T. (2025). Electricity availability and access for economic opportunities: A disaggregated analysis of gender gaps and implications for pro-poor growth. Energy Strategy Reviews, 59, 101723. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.esr.2025.101723
Avordeh, T. K., Salifu, A., Quaidoo, C., & Opare-Boateng, R. (2024). Impact of power outages: Unveiling their influence on micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa—An in-depth literature review. Heliyon, 10(13), e33782. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33782
Aziz, M. I., & Hidayah, N. (2025). The influence of infrastructure on economic growth in Indonesia 2016–2022. International Journal on Social Science, Economics and Art , 15(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/doi:10.35335/IJOSEA.V15I1.752
Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. (2024). Gross regional domestic product of regencies/municipalities in Indonesia 2019–2023. In Badan Pusat Statistika. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta-Indonesia. https://www.bps.go.id/en/publication/2024/06/07/f90b4d%0B2293193647cf2faee1/gross-regional-domestic-product-of-regencies-municipalities-in-indonesia-2019-2023.html
Bahari, A., Ulum, M., & Murad, A. (2025). Analisis dampak investasi infrastruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah: Studi kasus di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Economica Insight, 2(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/doi:10.71094/ECOIN.V2I1.199
Barbier, E. B. (2024). Water and economic growth in developed and developing countries. Water Economics and Policy, 10(3). https://doi.org/doi:10.1142/S2382624X24300020
Chin, M. Y., Ong, S. L., Wai, C. K., & Kon, Y. Q. (2021). The role of infrastructure on economic growth in belt and road participating countries. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 14(2), 169–186. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCEFTS-09-2020-0065
Damanik, D., Damanik, P., & Nopeline, N. (2024). Analisis pengaruh infrastruktur jalan dan infrastruktur listrik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kota Pematang Siantar. Jurnal KAFEBIS, 2(1), 59–67. https://doi.org/doi:10.51622/KAFEBIS.V2I1.2378
Fried, S., & Lagakos, D. (2021). Rural electrification, migration and structural transformation: Evidence from Ethiopia. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 91, 103625. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103625
Gizaw, G., Demissie, W. M., & Dilie, S. M. (2025). Assessing the impact of grid electrification on rural nonfarm enterprises in Ethiopia. Discover Sustainability, 6(1), 1305. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s43621-025-02202-9
Große, C. (2024). Envisioning sustainable rural development: A narrative on accessibility and infrastructure from a Swedish region. Journal of Rural Studies, 109, 103319. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/J.JRURSTUD.2024.103319
Hanum, N., Syahputra, R., & Sea, D. (2025). Pengaruh infrastruktur jalan dan listrik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen, 4(2), 19–32. https://doi.org/doi:10.58192/EBISMEN.V4I2.3220
Harsono, I., Sutanto, H., Rois, I., Fadliyanti, L., & Mulawiani, B. S. W. (2024). Kontribusi infrastruktur dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif di Indonesia. Jurnal Ganec Swara, 18(1), 196. https://doi.org/doi:10.35327/GARA.V18I1.750
Jemumu, S. D., & Shanty Ratna Damayanti, SE. ,M. S. (2024). Pengaruh Ketersediaan Infrastruktur Jalan,Listrik Dan Air Terhadap Pertumbuhan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2020-2021. Soetomo Management Review, 2(6), 763–775. https://doi.org/10.25139/SMR.V2I6.8455
Kundiharto. (2023, September 10). Inovasi dan Tantangan dalam Alat Pengukuran dan Kualitas Konstruksi. Alat Ukur Indonesia. https://alat-ukur-indonesia.com/inovasi-dan-tantangan-dalam-alat-pengukuran-dan-kualitas-konstruksi/
Laird, J., & Johnson, D. (2021). The GDP effects of transport investments: The macroeconomic approach. International Encyclopedia of Transportation, 1, 256–262. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10049-1
Latuconsina, S. A., Ramly, F., & Matitaputty, I. T. (2024). The effect of public infrastructure on economic growth in Central Maluku Regency. Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation, 4(3), 390–396. https://doi.org/doi:10.35877/454ri.daengku2520
Law, C. C. H., Zhang, Y., Gow, J., & Vu, X. B. (2022). Dynamic relationship between air transport, economic growth and inbound tourism in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam. Journal of Air Transport Management, 98, 102161. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/J.JAIRTRAMAN.2021.102161
Lee, K. (2022). Expanding Access to Electricity in Kenya. Introduction to Development Engineering: A Framework with Applications from the Field, 101–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86065-3_5
Lestari, R. I., Wardono, B., Handajani, M., Supari, S., Juniati, H., Sunarno, M. T. D., & Prayogi, E. (2025). The interplay of road infrastructure and regional finance in driving economic growth: Insights from East Kalimantan. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11(1), 100444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100444
Li, Y., Xi, T., & Zhou, L. A. (2024). Drinking water facilities and inclusive development: Evidence from rural China. World Development, 174, 106428. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106428
Made, N., Ariani, P., & Utama, M. S. (2024). Analisis pengaruh sektor pariwisata dan PDRB terhadap PAD kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 531–541. https://doi.org/doi:10.24843/eeb.2024.v13.i03.p10
Mardiah, S., & Irwan, M. (2024). Analysis of the effect of infrastructure development on economic growth in Mataram City. Socio-Economic and Humanistic Aspects for Township and Industry, 2(2), 290–298. https://doi.org/doi:10.59535/SEHATI.V2I2.278
Mohmand, Y. T., Mehmood, F., Mughal, K. S., & Aslam, F. (2021). Investigating the causal relationship between transport infrastructure, economic growth and transport emissions in Pakistan. Research in Transportation Economics, 88, 100972. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/J.RETREC.2020.100972
Mutumba, G. S., Mubiinzi, G., & Amwonya, D. (2024). Electricity consumption and economic growth: Evidence from the East African community. Energy Strategy Reviews, 54, 101431. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/J.ESR.2024.101431
Nenavath, S. (2023). Does transportation infrastructure impact economic growth in India? Journal of Facilities Management, 21(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/doi:10.1108/JFM-03-2021-0032
Oktaviana, N., Wijimulawiani, B. S., Fadlli, M. D., Khusus, D. A., Dana, ;, Umum, A., Bagi, D., Produk, H. ;, Regional, D., & Koresponding, B. ; (2026). ANALISIS PENGARUH DBH, DAU, DAK TERHADAP PDRB ADHK 2010 DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PROVINSI NTB TAHUN 2011–2024. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 131–140. https://doi.org/10.24843/EEB.2026.V15.I01.P10
Otchere, I., Abdulrahman, A., & Wang, J. (2025). Environmental, social, and governance investing and sustainability of pension funds: Evidence from the organisation for economic cooperation and development countries. Economic Modelling, 143, 106948. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECONMOD.2024.106948
Park, I., & Yi, D. (2026). Beyond the obvious: Direct and indirect impacts of transport infrastructure investment on the regional economic growth. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 64, 101523. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/J.RTBM.2025.101523
Prabowo, S., & Makrufan, M. C. R. (2021). Impact of clean water infrastructure to income inequality with economic growth as intervening. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research, 5(4). https://doi.org/doi:10.29040/IJEBAR.V5I4.3729
Rediansyah, G., Khoirudin, R., & Yuniarti, D. (2023). Pengaruh infrastruktur, air dan listrik terhadap perekonomian daerah di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Journal of Environmental Economics and Sustainability, 1(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/doi:10.47134/JEES.V1I1.57
Rehman, F. U., Islam, M. M., Miao, Q., & Metwally, A. S. M. (2023). Does transport infrastructure make South Asian economies growth more inclusive? An application of a new transportation infrastructure index. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 49, 101013.
https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/J.RTBM.2023.101013
Rehman, F. U., & Noman, A. A. (2021). Does infrastructure promote exports and foreign direct investment in selected Southeast Asian economies? An application of global infrastructure index. Journal of Economic Studies, 48(7), 1346–1370. https://doi.org/doi:10.1108/JES-03-2020-0123
Rizka, W. F., & Hasrianti. (2024). Analisis pengembangan infrastruktur penyediaan air bersih di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Nusantara Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 1(11), 584–591. https://doi.org/https://jurnal.intekom.id/index.php/njms/article/view/513
Sajjad, S., & Dar, K. H. (2025). Economic infrastructure and its impact on economic growth: A case study of 7 sister states. Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction, 30(3), 357–376. https://doi.org/doi:10.1108/JFMPC-03-2024-0016
Sapthu, A. (2023). Listrik dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Maluku. Cita Ekonomika: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 17(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/doi:10.51125/citaekonomika.v17i2.11315
Sipota, G. J., Walewangko, E. N., & Masloman, I. (2024). Analisis pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif dalam menurunkan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 24(3), 25–36. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/jbie/article/view/54603
Sobieralski, J. B. (2021). Transportation infrastructure and employment: Are all investments created equal? Research in Transportation Economics, 88, 100927. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/J.RETREC.2020.100927
Supiandi, S. (2024). The impact of water infrastructure, home ownership, and educational facilities on economic growth in East Java. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences, 1(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/doi:10.53893/grtss.v1i1.320
Syahputra, T. S. A., Purba, E., & Damanik, D. (2021). Pengaruh infrastruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kota Subulussalam. Jurnal Ekuilnomi, 3(2), 104–114. https://doi.org/doi:10.36985/F89HHJ67
Tiwari, A. K., Eapen, L. M., & Nair, S. R. (2021). Electricity consumption and economic growth at the state and sectoral level in India: Evidence using heterogeneous panel data methods. Energy Economics, 94, 105064. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/J.ENECO.2020.105064
Wahyunadi, Hj. St. Maryam, & H. Mansur Afifi. (2021). Analysis of infrastructure development, economic growth, and poverty rate in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(14), 4794–4802. https://doi.org/doi:10.17762/TURCOMAT.V12I14.11429
Wang, W., Imran, M., Ali, K., & Sattar, A. (2025). Green policies and financial development in G7 economies: An in-depth analysis of environmental regulations and green economic growth. Natural Resources Forum, 49(2), 1081–1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12424;PAGEGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION
Yalçin, M. O., Dincer, N. G., & Demir, S. (2021). Fuzzy panel data analysis. Kuwait Journal of Science, 48(3). https://doi.org/doi:10.48129/KJS.V48I3.8810
Yovani, D. S., & Irfan, M. (2024). Analisis pengaruh infrastruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Sumatera Barat. Media Riset Ekonomi Pembangunan (MedREP), 1(3). https://doi.org/https://medrep.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/MedREP/article/view/87
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Fadilah, Wahyunadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. In line with the license, authors are allowed to share and adapt the material. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
