Hamdi, B. et al. 2026. The Efficiency Paradox of Artificial Intelligence A Critical Analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s Labor Value Theory Perspective on the Dehumanization of Production. Al-Kharaj: Journal of Islamic Economic and Business. 8, 3 (Sep. 2026). DOI:https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v8i3.9307.