Nadhira Azka, Devina Putri Nabilah, Ainin Nursiam, Diyanah Nabilah, Susi Susilawati, and Alya Istiqomah. 2026. “The Dilemma of Qardhul Hasan: A Literature Synthesis and Empirical Study of the Gap Between Theory and Practice in Islamic Financial Institutions”. Al-Kharaj: Journal of Islamic Economic and Business 8 (3). https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v8i3.12294.