Hamdi, Baitul, Wahyudin Abdullah, and Sarah Syukri. “The Efficiency Paradox of Artificial Intelligence A Critical Analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s Labor Value Theory Perspective on the Dehumanization of Production”. Al-Kharaj: Journal of Islamic Economic and Business 8, no. 3 (September 2, 2026). Accessed September 3, 2026. https://ejournal.iainpalopo.ac.id/index.php/alkharaj/article/view/9307.