PERLINDUNGAN HAK KONSTITUSIONAL MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT: ANALISIS PUTUSAN MK NOMOR 181/PUU-XXII/2024 PERSPEKTIF SIYĀSAH QAḌĀ’IYYAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/dalrev.v7i2.12753Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perlindungan hak konstitusional masyarakat hukum adat dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 181/PUU-XXII/2024 serta mengkajinya melalui perspektif siyāsah qaḍā’iyyah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan sifat deskriptif-analitis yang menggunakan studi kepustakaan (library research). Pendekatan yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual, dengan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara kualitatif-perspektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 181/PUU-XXII/2024 memberikan perlindungan melalui penafsiran konstitusional bersyarat terhadap Pasal 17 ayat (2) huruf b dan Pasal 110B ayat (1), dengan mengecualikan masyarakat yang hidup secara turun-temurun di dalam hutan dan tidak ditujukan untuk kepentingan komersial dari penerapan larangan dan sanksi administratif. Konstruksi tersebut memperlihatkan upaya menjaga perlindungan hak masyarakat sekaligus mempertahankan kewenangan negara dalam pengaturan kawasan hutan. Perspektif siyāsah qaḍā’iyyah menunjukkan keterkaitannya dengan prinsip al-‘adl, ḥifẓ al-ḥuqūq, al-maṣlaḥah, dar’ al-mafāsid, dan tawāzun. Implikasinya, efektivitas perlindungan bergantung pada kejelasan pelaksanaan administratif agar perlindungan hak dapat diwujudkan tanpa mengabaikan kelestarian hutan.
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