Exploring English Teachers’ Challenges in Evaluating Students’ Learning Outcomes: A Qualitative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v14i2.12973Keywords:
learning evaluation, English teachers, student learning outcomes, qualitative research, vocational high school.Abstract
This study aims to explore the challenges faced by English teachers in evaluating student learning outcomes in Vocational High Schools (SMK) and to identify the strategies employed to address these challenges. The study adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive qualitative design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations of English teachers. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, involving processes of coding, theme development, and data interpretation. The research focuses on challenges related to assessing language skills, disparities in student ability, time constraints, the development of evaluation instruments, and the provision of feedback. The strategies examined include the use of assessment rubrics, the adaptation of evaluation formats, time management, the creation of appropriate instruments, and the provision of feedback and follow-up instruction. This research is expected to provide insight into the practices of evaluating English learning outcomes in Vocational High Schools and serve as a reference for teachers to improve the quality of their learning assessments
References
Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. Longman.
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969595980050102
Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Developing the theory of formative assessment. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 21, 5–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-008-9068-5
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brookhart, S. M. (2013). How to create and use rubrics for formative assessment and grading. ASCD.
Brown, H. D. (2004). Language assessment: Principles and classroom practices. Pearson Education.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Crusan, D., Plakans, L., & Gebril, A. (2016). Writing assessment literacy: Surveying second language teachers’ knowledge, beliefs, and practices. Assessing Writing, 28, 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2016.03.001
Faiz, A., Putra, N. P., & Nugraha, F. (2022). Memahami makna tes, pengukuran (measurement), penilaian (assessment), dan evaluasi (evaluation) dalam pendidikan. Jurnal Education and Development, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v10i3.3861
Hasim, Z., Di, S., & Barnard, R. (2018). Eliciting teachers’ understanding and their reported practices on school-based formative assessment: Methodological challenges. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v8i1.11476
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81–112. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487
Joosten-ten Brinke, D., et al. (2023). Designing formative assessment that improves teaching and learning: What can be learned from the design stories of experienced teachers? Journal of Formative Design in Learning. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41686-023-00080-w
rookhart, S. M. (2011). Educational assessment knowledge and skills for teachers. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 30(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.2010.00195.x
Tomlinson, C. A. (2014). The differentiated classroom: Responding to the needs of all learners (2nd ed.). ASCD.
UNESCO. (n.d.). Assessment for improved learning outcomes. https://www.unesco.org/en/learning-assessments
Xu, Y., & Brown, G. T. L. (2016). Teacher assessment literacy in practice: A reconceptualization. Teaching and Teacher Education, 58, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.05.010
Xu, Y., & Brown, G. T. L. (2016). Teacher assessment literacy in practice: A reconceptualization. Teaching and Teacher Education, 58, 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.05.010
Yolanda, Y., & Rodliyah, R. S. (2024). Exploring the challenges of formative assessment practices faced by an Indonesian EFL teacher. Tell-Us Journal, 10(2), 521–534. https://doi.org/10.22202/tus.2024.v10i2.8228
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fajar Wirawan, Loly Novita, Widi Syaftinentias

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See the Effect of Open Access)
