An Investigation into Speech Acts Used by Lecturers in English Classroom

Authors

  • Ayu Fitri Anjani UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Didin Nuruddin Hidayat UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7506-4258
  • Alek Alek UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v12i1.4816

Keywords:

Classroom Activities, Discourse Analysis, English, Speech Acts

Abstract

The study investigates the various speech acts that lecturers use in a Discourse Analysis classroom. The study attempted to determine which type was most frequently used based on Searle’s theory. The study was conducted by involving two lecturers of Discourse Analysis classroom in the Graduate Program of English Education UIN Jakarta, using a qualitative research design. The data were gathered through Zoom video recordings capturing the nuances of learning sessions and the collection of messages within the WhatsApp class group. Subsequently, the data were transcribed and analysed. The interesting findings revealed; 50% of what lecturers said consisted of commands or directives, 24% were representatives, 13% were commissive, and also 13% were expressive. The results indicated that the most dominant type of speech act was directives (50%). Lecturers predominantly utilized directives to guide students in specific actions, including; asking students to allocate more time to study, suggesting them to read reputable scientific journals, and encouraging students to work gradually on their papers to avoid last-minute rushes. In the end, this research helps to understand how lecturers talk and share ideas in a Discourse Analysis classroom. It also provides insights into how lecturers conduct teaching in that particular class.

Author Biographies

Ayu Fitri Anjani, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Ayu is a postgraduate student at Department of English Education, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Didin Nuruddin Hidayat, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Didin is a professor at Department of English Education, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Alek Alek, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Alek is a professor at Department of English Education, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

References

Allwright, D., & Bailey, K. M. (1991). Focus on the Language Classroom: An Introduction to Classroom Research for Language Teachers. Cambridge University Press.

Asriyanti, S., Arafah, B., & Abbas, H. (2022). The Representation of Women’s Dependence on Men in Little Women. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 12(4), 790–796. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1204.21

Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words (p. 166). Oxford University Press.

Bachman, L. F., & Palmer, a. S. A. S. (1996). Language Testing in Practice: Designing and Developing Useful Language Tests. In Oxford applied linguistics. (pp. vi, 377 p.).

Brown, H. D. (2004). Language Testing Book: Principles and Classroom Practice. In Book. Longman.

Buzzelli, C., & Johnston, B. (2001). Authority, Power, and Morality in Classroom Discourse. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(8), 873–884. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00037-3.

CJ, J. (2018). Speech Acts in EFL Classroom at Islamic Senior High School ( MAN ) 1 Sinjai. Journal of Language and Literature, 18(1), 20–27.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th ed.). Pearson.

Curtis, A., & O’Hagan, M. (2008). Care and Education in Early Childhood: A Student’s Guide to Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). RoutledgeFalmer. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315832012

Fowler, C. A. (2014). Talking as doing : Language forms and public language. New Ideas in Psychology, 1(32), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2013.03.007.Talking

Hidayat, A. (2016). Speech Acts : Force Behind Words. English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris, 9(1), 1–12.

Hirst, E. (2004). Spatializing Literacy Research and Practice. In The Diverse Social Contexts of a Second-Language Classroom and the Construction of Identity. Peter Lang Publishing Group.

Huberman, M. A., & Saldaña, J. (2014). A Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Idris, A. M. S., Adliah, A., & Alfina, S. (2020). Multilingual Interaction in Classroom Context. ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal), 6(2), 381–393. https://doi.org/10.24252/eternal.v62.2020.a13

Ismayanti, D., Said, Y. R., Usman, N., & Nur, M. I. (2024). The Students’ Ability in Translating Newspaper Headlines into English “A Case Studyâ€. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 12(1), 108-131.

Janson, M. A., & Woo, C. C. (1996). A Speech Act Lexicon: An Alternative Use of Speech Act Theory in Information Systems. Information Systems Journal, 6(4), 301–329. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.1996.tb00020.x

Juniartha, I. W., Pratiwi, D. P. E., & Wijaya, I. made Y. (2020). Commissive Speech Act in the Movie John Wick Chapter 2. Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture, 10(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.24843/ljlc.2020.v10.i02.p06

McCarthy, M. (1991). Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Cambridge University Press.

Masruddin, M., & Nasriandi, N. (2022). Lexical and Syntactical Errors Performed by Junior High School Student in Writing Descriptive Text. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 10(1), 1094-1100. doi:https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v10i1.3024

Masruddin, M., Amir, F., Langaji, A., & Rusdiansyah, R. (2023). Conceptualizing linguistic politeness in light of age. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 11(3), 41-55.

Morton, T. (2020). Research Methods for Classroom Discourse. Classroom Discourse, 11, 292–295. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2019.1700143

Mukminin, M. (2023). Directive Speech Acts in Humorous Mop Discourse in Papuan Society: A Pragmatic Studies. LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Budaya, 19(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33633/lite

Njika, A. (2020). Exploring Pre-service Teachers ’ Perception of Interactional Activities in Lesson Planning. English Language Teaching, 13(3), 92–99. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n3p92

Qadir, A., & Riloff, E. (2011). Classifying Sentences as Speech Acts in Message Board Posts. Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, 1, 748–758. https://aclanthology.org/D11-1069

Quirk, R., Greenbaun, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman: London and New York.

Rahim, N. A. (2018). Discourse Analysis Theory: A new Perspective in Analysis. Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur Research, 6(1), 46–53.

Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. (2011). Longman: Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. Pearson.

Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Cambridge University Press.

Searle R, J. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438

Seken, K. I. (2004). Being Polite in Balinese: An Analysis of Balinese Adat Leaders’ Spoken Discourse. State University of Malang.

Wagner, E. D. (1994). In Support of a Functional Definition of Interaction. The American Journal of Distance Education, 8(2), 6–29.

Yule, G. (1996). George Yule. Oxford University Press.

Zulianti, H. (2018). Speech Acts on EFL Learners’ Teaching Performance and its Implication in Teaching and Learning Activity. Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.26638/js.693.203X

Downloads

Published

2024-04-21

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See the Effect of Open Access)