MEKANISME PASAR DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/joins.v1i2.592Abstract
ABSTRACT
Islamic economics views that the market, the state and the individual are in balance (iqtishad), there can be no sub-ordinates, so that one of them becomes dominant over the other. The market is guaranteed freedom in Islam. The free market determines the methods of production and prices, there should be no disturbances that result in the disruption of the market balance. However, because it is difficult to find a market that runs on its own fairly (fairly) and market distortions often occur, so that it can harm the parties, Islam allows for market internevsi by the state to restore the market back to normal. The market, which is allowed to run alone (laissez faire), without anyone controlling it, has actually led to unilateral market control by the capitalist, the infrastructure authority and the information owner. Information asymmetry is also a problem that cannot be solved by the market. The state in Islam has the same role as the market, its job is to regulate and supervise the economy, ensure perfect competition in the market, equitable information and economic justice.
The concept of market foodism in Islam can be referred to in the hadith of Rasululllah Saw. Thus, Islam is far ahead of the West in formulating the concept of market mechanisms. The concept of market mechanisms in Islam was further developed scientifically by scholars throughout history, starting from Abu Yusuf, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyah, Ibn Khaldun, etc. These scholars have discussed the concept of market mechanisms in a comprehensive manner. They have discussed the power of supply and demand. Their study has also reached the factors that influence the market. In an Islamic economy, prices are determined by the forces of supply and demand. If there is a market distortion, the government may intervene in the market. However, Islamic economics is opposed to government intervention with excessive regulations when market forces are free to work to determine competitive prices.
 Keywords: Mechanism, Market, Economy, Islam
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ABSTRAK
Ekonomi Islam memandang bahwa pasar, negara, dan individu berada dalam keseimbangan (iqtishad), tidak boleh ada sub-ordinat, sehingga salah satunya menjadi dominan dari yang lain. Pasar dijamin kebebasannya dalam Islam. Pasar bebas menentukan cara-cara produksi dan harga, tidak boleh ada gangguan yang mengakibatkan rusaknya keseimbangan pasar.Tetapi oleh karena sulitnya ditemukan pasar yang berjalan sendiri secara adil (fair) dan distorasi pasar sering terjadi, sehingga dapat merugikan para pihak, maka Islam membolehkan adanya internevsi pasar oleh negara untuk mengembalikan agar pasar kembali normal. Pasar yang dibiarkan berjalan sendiri (laissez faire), tanpa ada yang mengontrol, ternyata telah menyebabkan penguasaan pasar sepihak oleh pemilik modal (capitalist) penguasa infrastruktur dan pemilik informasi. Asymetrik informasi juga menjadi permasalahan yang tidak bisa diselesaikan oleh pasar. Negara dalam Islam mempunyai peran yang sama dengan dengan pasar, tugasnya adalah mengatur dan mengawasi ekonomi, memastikan kompetisi di pasar berlangsung dengan sempurna, informasi yang merata dan keadilan ekonomi.
Konsep makanisme pasar dalam Islam dapat dirujuk kepada hadits Rasululllah Saw . Dengan demikian, Islam jauh mendahului Barat dalam merumuskan konsep mekanisme pasar. Konsep mekanisme pasar dalam Islam selanjutnya dikembangkan secara ilmiah oleh ulama sepanjang sejarah, mulai dari Abu Yusuf, Al-Ghazali, Ibnu Taymiyah, Ibnu Khaldun, dsb. Para ulama tersebut telah membahas konsep mekanisme pasar secara konprehensif. Mereka telah membahas kekuatan supply and demand. Kajian mereka juga telah sampai pada faktar-faktor yang mempengaruhi pasar. Dalam ekonomi Islam harga ditentukan oleh kekuatan supply and demand.Jika terjadi distorsi pasar maka pemerintah boleh intervensi pasar Namun, ekonomi Islam menentang adanya intervensi pemerintah dengan peraturan yang berlebihan saat kekuatan pasar secara bebas bekerja untuk menentukan harga yang kompetitif.     Â
Kata Kunci : Mekanisme, Pasar, Ekonomi, Islam
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