Implementation of Workload Analysis in Planning the Needs of Government Employees: A Systematic Literature Review
Keywords:
Workload Analysis; Employee Needs Planning; Government Employees; Full Time Equivalent; Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Instansi pemerintah di Indonesia memanfaatkan analisis beban kerja (ABK) untuk menentukan jumlah pegawai yang dibutuhkan setiap unit, tetapi bukti tentang kinerja perangkat ini dalam praktik tersebar pada studi-studi kecil yang berfokus lokal. Artikel ini memetakan bukti tersebut dan menelaah apa yang diungkapkannya tentang implementasi, kesimpulan kebutuhan pegawai, serta hubungan antara beban kerja dan luaran pegawai. Tinjauan pustaka sistematis dilakukan terhadap 14 artikel jurnal telaah sejawat yang terbit pada 2016–2026 dengan lima dokumen regulasi sebagai kerangka. Karakteristik studi diringkas dengan statistik deskriptif, sedangkan temuan disintesis secara naratif karena ukuran efek yang dilaporkan tidak dapat diperbandingkan. Sebelas dari 14 studi (78,6%) terbit sejak 2023, delapan (57,1%) menggunakan desain kualitatif, dan sepuluh (71,4%) berlokasi di Pulau Jawa. Studi implementasi berulang kali menyebut keterbatasan kapasitas analis, ketidakpastian validitas data, dan dokumen jabatan yang usang sebagai hambatan. Dua studi full time equivalent (FTE) menghasilkan kesimpulan yang berlawanan, dan empat studi yang menghubungkan beban kerja dengan luaran pegawai melaporkan koefisien dari −0,714 hingga +0,599. Bukti ini menunjukkan bahwa ABK merupakan dasar perencanaan kebutuhan pegawai yang bermanfaat tetapi rapuh: hasilnya bergantung pada kemampuan analis, ambang beban berlebih yang dipakai, dan cara pegawai merasakan beban kerjanya. Direkomendasikan ambang baku, pelaporan sensitivitas secara rutin, dan desain metode campuran
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