Economic Valuation of Pantai Duduk: A Willingness to Pay (WTP) Analysis Using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) for Tourism Facilities Improvement

Abstract

This study aims to estimate the average visitors' Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the improvement of tourism facilities, identify the socio-economic factors influencing it, and calculate the Total Economic Value (TEV) of Pantai Duduk, a newly developing coastal destination in West Lombok Regency that currently lacks basic infrastructure such as public toilets, rinse rooms, and prayer rooms. The research applied the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) involving a sample of 100 respondents selected through accidental sampling. Data were analyzed using Binary Logistic Regression and Multiple Linear Regression to determine both the probability of paying and the nominal amount of WTP. The findings indicate that 56% of respondents are willing to pay a retribution fee, with an estimated average WTP of IDR 4,200 per individual. Educational level and income positively and significantly influence both the probability and the amount of WTP, whereas non-permanent employment has a negative effect. Interestingly, the study proves the existence of an Attitude-Behavior Gap anomaly, revealing that age, frequency of visits, and visitor perceptions do not significantly affect WTP. The Total Economic Value of Pantai Duduk is estimated at IDR 120,120,000 per year. This TEV represents a highly adequate potential for participative funding. It implies that if managed transparently by the Local Tourism Awareness Group or local authorities, this potential fund can be utilized directly for sustainable basic infrastructure financing, thereby maintaining visitor satisfaction and the destination's competitiveness.