The Effect of Poverty and Open Unemployment Rate on the Human Development Index in West Nusa Tenggara Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v8i2.9896Keywords:
Poverty Rate, Open Unemployment Rate, Human Development IndexAbstract
This research aims to determine the effect of the Poverty Rate and Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) on the Human Development Index (HDI) in the NTB Province from 2010 to 2024. The research method used is a quantitative method with a causal approach (causality). The data analysis technique uses a multiple linear regression model with the help of SPSS software, accompanied by classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests. This study uses secondary data in the form of time series data with a period of 15 years, from 2010 to 2024. Data were obtained from official government agencies, specifically the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of NTB Province. The research results show that partially, the Poverty Rate and the Open Unemployment Rate have a negative and significant impact on the HDI in the NTB Province. Simultaneously or together, these two variables also have a significant impact on the HDI in the NTB Province. To improve the welfare and quality of human development in a region, local governments must prioritize policies and programs that can reduce poverty and unemployment rates in order to encourage the increase of HDI in NTB Province.
References
Arkorful, V. E., Basiru, I., Anokye, R., Latif, A., Agyei, E. K., Hammond, A., Pokuaah, S., Arkorful, E. V., & Abdul-Rahaman, S. (2020). Equitable access and inclusiveness in basic education: Roadblocks to sustainable development goals. International Journal of Public Administration.
Becker, G. S. (1989). Human capital: a theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press Chicago.
BPS. (2023). Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2023. In Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jambi. https://www.bps.go.id
BPS NTB. (2025). Jumlah Penduduk Miskin NTB Turun. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. https://ntb.bps.go.id/id/news/2025/07/25/82/jumlah-penduduk-miskin-ntb-turun.html
Chowdhury, E. K., & Chowdhury, R. (2024). Role of financial inclusion in human development: Evidence from Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 3329–3354.
Dahliah, D., & Nur, A. N. (2021). The influence of unemployment, human development index and gross domestic product on poverty level. Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education, 1(2), 95–108.
DeVellis, R. F. (2006). Classical test theory. Medical Care, 44(11), S50–S59.
Durbin, J., & Watson, G. S. (1950). Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression: I. Biometrika, 37(3/4), 409–428.
Glejser, H. (1969). A new test for heteroskedasticity. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 64(325), 316–323.
González-Estrada, E., & Cosmes, W. (2019). Shapiro–Wilk test for skew normal distributions based on data transformations. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 89(17), 3258–3272.
Haini, H., Musa, S. F. P. D., Wei Loon, P., & Basir, K. H. (2023). Does unemployment affect the relationship between income inequality and food security? International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 43(1–2), 48–66.
Hawkins, D. M. (1981). A new test for multivariate normality and homoscedasticity. Technometrics, 23(1), 105–110.
Mankiw, N. G. (2018). Principles of Macroeconomics, 8e. Cengage Learning, Inc.
Morse, S. (2023). Quality of life, well-being and the human development index: a media narrative for the developed world? Social Indicators Research, 170(3), 1035–1058.
Padillah, R., & Saputra, R. (2024). Youth unemployment phenomenon in Indonesia: a growing threat to food security and social stability. Journal of Public Health, 46(4), e707–e708.
Paparoditis, E., & Politis, D. N. (2018). The asymptotic size and power of the augmented Dickey–Fuller test for a unit root. Econometric Reviews, 37(9), 955–973.
Ranis, G., Stewart, F., & Ramirez, A. (2000). Economic growth and human development. World Development, 28(2), 197–219.
Rinaldi, M., Nasution, A. R., Mardhiyah, A., & Annisa, M. (2025). BRIDGING REGIONAL DISPARITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN NORTH SUMATRA’S DEVELOPMENT. Proceedings of International Conference on Finance Economics and Business (ICOFEB), 3(1), 436–446.
Roffia, P., Bucciol, A., & Hashlamoun, S. (2023). Determinants of life expectancy at birth: a longitudinal study on OECD countries. International Journal of Health Economics and Management, 23(2), 189–212.
Sagar, A. D., & Najam, A. (1998). The human development index: a critical review. Ecological Economics, 25(3), 249–264.
Savin, N. E. (1984). Multiple hypothesis testing. Handbook of Econometrics, 2, 827–879.
Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1–17.
Sen, A. K. (1999). Development as freedom. New York, NY: Knopf.
Shapira, S., & Teschner, N. (2023). No heat, no eat:(Dis) entangling insecurities and their implications for health and well-being. Social Science & Medicine, 336, 116252.
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2009). Economic development. Pearson education.
Tsagris, M., & Pandis, N. (2021). Normality test: Is it really necessary? American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 159(4), 548–549.
Ullah, K., & Majeed, M. T. (2023). District-level multidimensional poverty and human development in the case of Pakistan: does institutional quality matter? GeoJournal, 88(1), 561–581.
United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human Development Report 2023/2024: Breaking the Gridlock. https://hdr.undp.org
World Bank. (2001). World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking Poverty. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/230351468332946759/pdf/World-development-report-2000-2001-attacking-poverty.pdf%0A
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Baehaqi, Dea Triwahyu, Baiq Rizka Milania Ulfah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. In line with the license, authors are allowed to share and adapt the material. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
