Why English Literature Students in Indonesia Refuse to Become Writers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v13i2.8419Keywords:
English Literature, Literary Works, Language, Creative Writing, WritersAbstract
This study examines how English literature students in Indonesia refuse to become writers. This study employed a mixed-methods design combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. With an explanatory sequential approach, data were collected from 100 English literature undergraduates across five universities through a 15-item Likert questionnaire analysed with SPSS 26 (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests). Three representative students (X, Y, Z) were interviewed using semi-structured questions, and data were thematically analysed. Results from survey and interviews reveal that literature students hold positive opinions of their studies but elaborate little interest in becoming writers. They choose the major mainly for language skills, not creative goals. The curriculum supports academics, not authorship, and financial instability deters writing careers, unaffected by gender or semester differences. The study concludes that English literature in Indonesia faces a paradigmatic tension between academic formalism and artistic vitality. To address this, it requires redirection that integrates creative writing, publication mentorship, and intermedial collaboration to reinstate productivity in literary works.
References
Abelha, M., Fernandes, S., Mesquita, D., Seabra, F., & Ferreira-Oliveira, A. T. (2020). Graduate employability and competence development in higher education-A systematic literature review using PRISMA. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12155900
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.
Ajzen, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. In Psychology and Health (Vol. 26, Issue 9). https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.613995
Ajzen, I. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Frequently asked questions. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.195
Bandia, P. F. (2003). Postcolonialism and translation: The dialectic between theory and practice. Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies, 2. https://doi.org/10.52034/LANSTTS.V2I.81
Bloemert, J., Paran, A., Jansen, E., & van de Grift, W. (2019). Students’ perspective on the benefits of EFL literature education. Language Learning Journal, 47(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2017.1298149
Blom, E., Cadena, B. C., & Keys, B. J. (2021). Investment over the business cycle: Insights from college major choice. Journal of Labor Economics, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1086/712611
Bosnjak, M., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Selected recent advances and applications. In Europe’s Journal of Psychology (Vol. 16, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.3107
Bourdieu, P. (2016). The field of cultural production: Essays on art and literature. Columbia University Press.
Bradley, A., Priego-Hernández, J., & Quigley, M. (2022). Evaluating the efficacy of embedding employability into a second-year undergraduate module. Studies in Higher Education, 47(11). https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2021.2020748
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. QMiP Bulletin, 1(33). https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsqmip.2022.1.33.46
Brewer, W. F. (2017). Literary theory, rhetoric, and stylistics: Implications for psychology. In Theoretical Issues in Reading Comprehension: Perspectives from Cognitive Psychology, Linguistics, Artificial Intelligence and Education. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315107493-12
Bunga Febriani, R., Rukmini, D., Mujiyanto, J., & Yuliasri, I. (2022). Lecturers’ Perception on the Implementation of Approaches to Teaching Literature in EFL Classrooms. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i1.21035
Cresswell, J. W., Plano-Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research.
Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Vallerand, R. J., & Pelletier, L. G. (1991). Motivation and Education: The Self-Determination Perspective. Educational Psychologist, 26(3–4). https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.1991.9653137
Deci, E., Vallerand, R., Pelletier, L., & Ryan, R. (1991). Motivation and Education: The Self-Determination Perspective. Educational Psychologist, 26(3). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2603&4_6
Disch, L., Hawkesworth, M., & Cooper, B. (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory: Intersectionality. Oxford Handbooks Online.
Emir, B. C. (2016). Literature and Psychology in the Context of the Interaction of Social Sciences. Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2016.19.4.49
English, J. F., & Underwood, T. (2016). Shifting scales: Between literature and social science. Modern Language Quarterly, 77(3). https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-3570612
Gallien, C. (2018). Forcing displacement: The postcolonial interventions of refugee literature and arts. Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 54(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2018.1551268
He, F. (2020). Identity Construction in Academic Writing of Student Writers Who Use English as an Additional Language: A Literature Review1. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 43(4). https://doi.org/10.1515/CJAL-2020-0033
Ho, T. T. H., Le, V. H., Nguyen, D. T., Nguyen, C. T. P., & Nguyen, H. T. T. (2023). Effects of career development learning on students’ perceived employability: a longitudinal study. Higher Education, 86(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00933-6
Hui, J., Zhou, Y., Oubibi, M., Di, W., Zhang, L., & Zhang, S. (2022). Research on Art Teaching Practice Supported by Virtual Reality (VR) Technology in the Primary Schools. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031246
Humm, M. (2021). The Dictionary of Feminist Theory. In The Dictionary of Feminist Theory. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474469401
Irshad, I., & Yasmin, M. (2022). Feminism and literary translation: A systematic review. Heliyon, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09082
Jackson, D., & Tomlinson, M. (2020). Investigating the relationship between career planning, proactivity and employability perceptions among higher education students in uncertain labour market conditions. Higher Education, 80(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00490-5
Juliaty, H. (2019). Exploring academic identities of EFL novice writers. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v9i2.20230
Lahire, B. (2015). Literature is not just a battlefield. New Literary History, 46(3). https://doi.org/10.1353/nlh.2015.0027
Lee, S. (2023). Writer identity in narrative and argumentative genres: A case of Korean students in the United States. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature.
Mardiningrum, A. (2024). Creative writing for EFL classroom: Students’ perceptions and pedagogical implications. Journal of Language and Teaching (Indonesia).
McCormack, S. (2023). The impact of employability on Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences degrees in Australia. Higher Education Policy/Studies.
Mills, K. A., & Brown, A. (2022). Immersive virtual reality (VR) for digital media making: transmediation is key. Learning, Media and Technology, 47(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2021.1952428
Mynard, J., & Shelton-Strong, S. (2022). Self-Determination Theory: A Proposed Framework for Self-Access Language Learning. Journal for the Psychology of Language Learning, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.52598/jpll/4/1/5
Nix, G. A., Ryan, R. M., Manly, J. B., & Deci, E. L. (1999). Revitalization through Self-Regulation: The Effects of Autonomous and Controlled Motivation on Happiness and Vitality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1999.1382
Novianti, N. (2016). English literature teaching: An Indonesian context. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v6i1.2660
Ogden, B. H. (2022). A Psychoanalytic Perspective On Reading Literature: Reading The Reader. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 103(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/00207578.2021.2007774
Oksanen, A., Cvetkovic, A., Akin, N., Latikka, R., Bergdahl, J., Chen, Y., & Savela, N. (2023). Artificial intelligence in fine arts: A systematic review of empirical research. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100004
Othman, N. I., Shah, P. M., Karim, A. A., Yusof, A., Din, R., Ramli, N. A., & Salleh, N. S. (2015). Personalizing learning of English literature: Perceptions and challenges. In Journal of Personalized Learning (Vol. 1, Issue 1).
Papp, I. C., Karácsony, P., & Juhász, T. (2023). Study Preferences in Higher Education. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.12700/aph.20.4.2023.4.13
Pardede, P. (2025). A systematic literature review of creative writing learning in Indonesian contexts. Journal of English Teaching.
Quinlan, K. M., & Renninger, K. A. (2022). Rethinking employability: how students build on interest in a subject to plan a career. Higher Education, 84(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00804-6
Rahman, F. (2018). The Constraints of Foreign Learners in Reading English Literary Works: A Case Study at Hasanuddin University. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.18533/journal.v7i2.1327
Rosenberg, R. (2017). Feminism is queer: the intimate connection between queer and feminist theory. Gender, Place & Culture, 24(9). https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2017.1336298
Roth, M. (2019). A psychoanalytic perspective on reading literature: Reading the reader. In A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Reading Literature: Reading the Reader. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429422782
Rubin, J. C. (2024). Beyond pedagogy: The creative and humanising potential of literature and writing in higher education. Journal of Education/Critical Pedagogy.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. In American Psychologist.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will? Journal of Personality, 74(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00420.x
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). From Ego Depletion to Vitality: Theory and Findings Concerning the Facilitation of Energy Available to the Self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00098.x
Sari, E. D. P., Trisnawati, R. K., Agustina, M. F., Adiarti, D., & Noorashid, N. (2023). Assessment of Students’ Creative Thinking Skill on the Implementation of Project-Based Learning. International Journal of Language Education, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v7i3.38462
Sasmita, Y. V., & Setyowati, L. (2021). Problems faced by EFL students in learning to write. Linguista: Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pembelajarannya, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.25273/linguista.v5i1.9404
Schormová, F. Z. (2018). Forget English! Orientalism and World Literatures by Aamir R. Mufti. Twentieth-Century Literature, 64(2). https://doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-6941939
Shome, R. (2016). When postcolonial studies meets media studies. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2016.1183801
Sunardi, Akil, M., Arafah, B., & Salija, K. (2018). Looking at the shared conception of teaching literature in an indonesian elt setting. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0902.13
Sussman, R., & Gifford, R. (2019). Causality in the Theory of Planned Behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218801363
Váňa, J. (2020a). More than just a product: Strengthening literature in sociological analysis. Sociology Compass, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12789
Váňa, J. (2020b). Theorizing the Social Through Literary Fiction: For a New Sociology of Literature. Cultural Sociology, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1749975520922469
Viana, V., & Zyngier, S. (2020). Language-literature integration in high-school EFL education: investigating students’ perspectives. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2019.1608999
Weisner, T. S. (2012). Mixed methods should be a valued practice in anthropology. Anthropology News, 53(5).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmat Setiawan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See the Effect of Open Access)
