Economic And Investment Feasibility Comparison Between Electric And Conventional Delivery Vehicles: Case Study Of Pt Pos Indonesia, Karawang Branch
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/kharaj.v7i4.8819Keywords:
Conventional Vehicles, Electric Vehicles, Economic Feasibility, Financial Feasibility.Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to compare the economic and financial feasibility of electric vehicles (EVs) and conventional vehicles (CVs) in tertiary distribution operations at PT Pos Indonesia, focusing on two operational units: KCU Karawang and KCU Cirebon. Methods: A quantitative comparative approach was applied using Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and investment appraisal indicators, including Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR), and Payback Period (PP). Operational data such as fuel consumption, maintenance, insurance, tax, and depreciation were analyzed under a five-year economic life cycle. Results: The findings show that EVs consistently outperform CVs across all major financial indicators. EVs reduce annual energy costs by up to 80%, significantly lower maintenance and tax expenses, and generate positive NPV values in both locations. IRR for EVs exceeds the 5% discount rate—9.35% in Karawang and 11.2% in Cirebon—while BCR values remain above 1. Payback periods for EVs are 4.4 years in Karawang and 4.3 years in Cirebon. Conversely, CVs show negative NPV, BCR < 1, and no recoverable payback period. Implications: The results highlight the strong financial viability of adopting EVs within Indonesia’s logistics sector, supporting strategic fleet electrification for long-term cost efficiency. The findings also reinforce national sustainability policies promoting low-carbon transportation and provide evidence-based insights for future investment decisions in logistics operations.
References
Bubeck, S., Tomaschek, J., & Fahl, U. (2016). Perspectives of electric mobility: Total cost of ownership of electric vehicles in Germany. Transport Policy, 50, 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.05.012
de Abreu, V. H. S., Santos, A. S., & Monteiro, T. G. M. (2022). Climate change impacts on the road transport infrastructure: A systematic review on adaptation measures. Sustainability, 14(14), 8864. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148864
Gudmundsson, H., Hall, R. P., Marsden, G., & Zietsman, J. (2016). Sustainable transportation. Heidelberg, Ger. Frederiksberg, Denmark, Spreinger-Verlag Samf. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46924-8
Gunawan, I., Redi, A. A. N. P., Santosa, A. A., Maghfiroh, M. F. N., Pandyaswargo, A. H., & Kurniawan, A. C. (2022). Determinants of customer intentions to use electric vehicle in Indonesia: An integrated model analysis. Sustainability, 14(4), 1972. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14041972
Haryadi, F. N., Simaremare, A. A., Ajija, S. R., Hakam, D. F., & Mangunkusumo, K. G. H. (2023). Investigating the impact of key factors on electric/electric-vehicle charging station adoption in Indonesia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(3), 434-442.
Iskandar, T., & Arifin, R. (2023). Navigating Indonesia's logistics and supply chain challenges: A data-driven analysis of logistics performance index. Jurnal BPPK: Badan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Keuangan, 16(1), 110-123. https://doi.org/10.48108/jurnalbppk.v16i1.820
Kasmir, & Jakfar. (2017). Studi Kelayakan Bisnis. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Kencana Prenadamedia Group.
Liu, Z., Song, J., Kubal, J., Susarla, N., Knehr, K. W., Islam, E., ... & Ahmed, S. (2021). Comparing total cost of ownership of battery electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. Energy Policy, 158, 112564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112564
Maghfiroh, M. F. N., Pandyaswargo, A. H., & Onoda, H. (2021). Current readiness status of electric vehicles in indonesia: Multistakeholder perceptions. Sustainability, 13(23), 13177.
Nechaev, Andrey, Yulia Skorobogatova, and Maria Nechaeva. "Toolkit for the transportation and logistics infrastructure." Transportation Research Procedia 54 (2021): 637-644.
Pereirinha, P. G., González, M., Carrilero, I., Anseán, D., Alonso, J., & Viera, J. C. (2018). Main trends and challenges in road transportation electrification. Transportation research procedia, 33, 235-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.10.096
Rigogiannis, N., Bogatsis, I., Pechlivanis, C., Kyritsis, A., & Papanikolaou, N. (2023). Moving towards greener road transportation: A review. Clean Technologies, 5(2), 766-790. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol5020038
Shah, K. J., Pan, S. Y., Lee, I., Kim, H., You, Z., Zheng, J. M., & Chiang, P. C. (2021). Green transportation for sustainability: Review of current barriers, strategies, and innovative technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 326, 129392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129392
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Sunitiyoso, Y., Belgiawan, P. F., & Rizki, M. (2022). Public acceptance and the environmental impact of electric bus services. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 109, 103358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103358
Sutrisno. (2012). Manajemen Keuangan: Teori, Konsep, dan Aplikasi. Yogyakarta: Ekonisia.
Utami, M. W. D., Yuniaristanto, Y., & Sutopo, W. (2020). Adoption intention model of electric vehicle in Indonesia. Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri, 19(1), 70-81. https://doi.org/10.25077/josi.v19.n1.p70-81.2020
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Isnian Adiwijaya, Agus Purnomo, Melia Eka Lestiani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. In line with the license, authors are allowed to share and adapt the material. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicated if changes were made. If authors remix, transform or build upon the material, authors must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
