Developing and Evaluating the Le-Zoo Board: An Augmented Reality-Based Medium for English Vocabulary Reading among Students with Autism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v14i1.10762Keywords:
Augmented Reality, Autism, English Vocabulary, Learning MediaAbstract
Students with autism may benefit from structured, visually clear, and multisensory English learning materials. This study developed and preliminarily evaluated the Le-Zoo Board, an interactive learning medium integrating a board game, sensory audio, and augmented reality cards for English animal-vocabulary reading. The study employed a research-and-development approach based on the ADDIE model. Participants were 11 students with mild autism from a special school in Yogyakarta, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through material- and media-expert validation, a one-group pre-test–post-test, and a student-response questionnaire. Material-expert validation reached 97.6%, and media-expert validation reached 97%, both categorized as very valid. The paired-samples analysis showed a significant pre–post difference (mean difference = -44.545, SD = 9.342, t(10) = -15.815, p < .001). The student-response score was 480 of 550, or 87.27% of the maximum possible score, indicating a positive practicality response. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the Le-Zoo Board is valid, positively received, and associated with short-term improvement in English animal-vocabulary reading. Because the study involved a small one-group sample, causal and comparative interpretations should be made cautiously.
References
Aidarahma, A., Wijayatiningsih, D. T., & Aimah, S. (2022). Probing how flashcards and teams games tournament boost EFL learners’ vocabulary. Premise: Journal of English Education, 11(3), 595. https://doi.org/10.24127/pj.v11i3.5456
Annisa, N., Syam, A. T., & Masruddin. (2022). Teaching vocabulary through Round Robin Brainstorming technique. English Education Journal, 13(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.24815/eej.v13i1.22320
Aryfien, W. N., Atmojo, I. R. W., & Matsuri. (2025). Interactive learning media for better learning outcomes in elementary school: A systematic literature review. Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 12(1), 132–147. https://doi.org/10.53400/mimbar-sd.v12i1.82323
Asrifah, M. N., Khosiyono, B. H. C., & Henucahyani, B. (2025). Analysis of the use of interactive learning media on student learning motivation. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 8(2), 271–279.
Baharuddin, B. (2018). ADDIE model application promoting interactive multimedia. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 306(1), 012020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/306/1/012020
Bani, M., & Masruddin, M. (2021). Development of an Android-based harmonic oscillation pocket book for senior high school students. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 11(1), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1051
Brahim, M. G. (2022). Teaching English to students with autism spectrum disorders: Challenges and teaching strategies. English Studies at NBU, 8(2), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.22.2.3
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. Springer.
Cahya, R. N., Suprapto, E., & Lusiana, R. (2020). Development of Android-based mobile learning media to support students’ understanding. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1464(1), 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1464/1/012010
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE.
Dionisio, G., Ching, L. C., & Ilustre, R. G. (2022). Vocabulary acquisition and learning strategies in second language learning: A review paper. International Journal of English Language Studies, 4(3).
El-Sattar, H. K. H. A., Manal, O., & Hoda, M. (2024). Developing a participatory research framework through serious games to promote learning for children with autism. Frontiers in Education, 9, 1453327. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1453327
Fitri, A., Dewi, W. N., Hamidy, M. Y., & Saam, Z. (2025). The autistic child-friendly school environment model for behavioral development in children with autism. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_58_25
Hardiansyah, F., Zainuddin, Z., Sukitman, T., & Astutik, C. (2023). Development of learning media smart book to improve understanding of elementary school students in science learning. Lentera Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan, 26(1), 72–87. https://doi.org/10.24252/lp.2023v26n1i7
Hashim, H. U., Yunus, M. M., & Norman, H. (2022). Autism children and English vocabulary learning: A qualitative inquiry of the challenges they face in their English vocabulary learning journey. Children, 9(5), 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050628
Hidayati, D. A., & Amalia, T. Z. (2025). Enhancing English vocabulary learning for children with special needs using a differentiated method. Mitra Ash-Shibyan: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling, 8(1).
Istiqomah, & Mahabbati, A. (2019). Meningkatkan kosakata siswa autis melalui media UNO berbantuan augmented reality. JPK (Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus), 15(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v15i1.24924
Jalaluddin, I., Ismail, L., & Darmi, R. (2020). Developing vocabulary knowledge among low achievers: Mobile augmented reality (MAR) practicality. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 10(11), 813–819. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.11.1463
Macmbinji, V., & Hussein, H. (2024). An analysis of the potential benefits of play-based methods for improving learning in children with autism. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 3266–3271. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN1026
Masruddin. (2014). The importance of using technology in English teaching and learning. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 2(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v2i2.36
Masruddin, & Munawir, A. (2022). The efficacy of Treasure Hunt Game with Luwu local culture based in teaching English vocabulary and introducing cultural heritage of Luwu at SMPIT Al Hafidz Kota Palopo. Kongres Internasional Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia, 204–208. https://doi.org/10.51817/kimli.vi.51
Maysuroh, S., Dwimaulani, A., Wati, L., Nurhayati, N., & Yusri, N. (2024). Teaching English to students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Journey: Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 7(1), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.33503/journey.v7i1.863
Muhfiyanti, M., Mulyadi, D., & Aimah, S. (2021). Android-based mobile learning media in teaching reading of report texts. Getsempena English Education Journal, 8(1).
Munawir, A. (2019). Online game and children’s language behavior. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 7(2), 337–343. https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v7i2.1050
Nisrina, B. R. N., Primadani, T. I. W., Santoso, M. N., & Tanemaru, Y. W. (2025). Designing autism-friendly learning space through integrating autistic behavior and motion space mapping. Jurnal Desain Interior, 10(2), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.12962/jdi.v10i2.8534
Nurjanah, Kansil, I. C., Masturoh, I., & Muhtadin, D. A. (2024). Multisensory learning: Improving conceptual understanding through an intuitive sensory approach. Jurnal of Pedagogi: Jurnal Pendidikan, 1(6). https://doi.org/10.62872/xc7ta403
Nurpita, Rustan, E., Masruddin, & Wisran. (2025). Developing a web-based mobile game to enhance students’ motivation in learning English vocabulary. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 13(1), 46–73. https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v13i1.5541
Padmadewi, N. N., Artini, L. P., Sindu, I. G. P., Shanmuganathan, T., Suarcaya, P., & Dewi, K. S. (2023). Instructional media for autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) children: A study on need analysis. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 7(3), 477–491. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v7i3.61558
Praditya, I. W. W., Budasi, I. G., & Ramendra, D. P. (2026). Developing an English e-module for culinary students at LPK Bali Crystal College. IDEAS: Journal on Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 14(1), 127–155.
Pratama, M. F., & Paramita, P. P. (2023). Interventions for communication and language development in children with autism spectrum disorder. Cakrawala Dini: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.17509/cd.v14i1.56867
Putri, S. J., Islami, N., & Azizahwati. (2026). The implementation of interactive learning media Pear Deck on work and energy to improve junior high school students’ critical thinking skills. Lontar Physics Today, 5(1), 135–156. https://doi.org/10.26877/lpt.v5i1.336
Rustan, E., & Munawir, A. (2020). Eksistensi permainan tradisional pada generasi digital natives di Luwu Raya dan pengintegrasiannya ke dalam pembelajaran. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 5(2), 181–196. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v5i2.1639
Sari, N. N., & Sari, P. M. (2025). Development of augmented reality learning media based on Assemblr Edu to improve students’ creativity abilities. Jurnal Paedagogy: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 12(4), 1301–1312. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v12i4.16817
Sial, Z. A., Zaryab, F., & Fatima, S. Z. (2024). ADDIE model of instructional effectiveness: Analyzing the impact on students’ learning. Journal of Law and Social Studies, 6(1), 64–72. https://doi.org/10.52279/jlss.06.01.6472
Tang, K. H. D. (2023). Student-centered approach in teaching and learning: What does it really mean? Acta Pedagogia Asiana, 2(2), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.53623/apga.v2i2.218
Yulia, E., Riadi, S., & Nursanni, B. (2023). Validity of interactive multimedia on metal coating learning developed using the ADDIE model. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(5), 3968–3974. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i5.3772
Zakaria, A., & Zakaria, N. Y. K. (2025). The impact of digital game-based learning tools on motivation, engagement, and performance in language education: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v14-i1/24954
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yunita Putri Maulidina, Testiana Deni Wijayatiningsih, Dodi Mulyadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See the Effect of Open Access)
