The Hidden Curriculum in Islamic Boarding Schools and Its Implications for the Formation of Santri Character: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/jiis.v5i2.10089Keywords:
Hidden Curriculum, Islamic Boarding School, Character Education, SantriAbstract
The hidden curriculum is vital in pesantren education, often surpassing formal curricula in shaping students' moral foundations. This research synthesizes literature on its implementation and impact on character building from 2021 to 2026. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the PRISMA protocol, 16 final articles were selected from Google Scholar via Publish or Perish. Findings reveal that implementation manifests through four pillars: exemplary leadership (uswah hasanah), organizational culture, dormitory environment, and digital integration. Dominant traits formed include religiosity, self-reliance, discipline, and soft skills. The study highlights a shift from traditional management to digitalization, altering student interaction patterns. These implications offer a strategic framework for pesantren leaders to optimize unwritten elements, strengthening character education in the modern era.
References
Arpinal, A., Jamrizal, J., & Musli, M. (2023). Budaya Organisasi Dalam Pengembangan Kemandirian Santri Di Pesantren Ashqaf Jambi. AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584), 4(1), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v4i1.3405
Chasanah, A., & Nursikin, M. (2021). Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Karakter religius melalui Program Pondok Pesantren Studi Eksplorasi SMA Islam Al Azhar 30 Salatiga. Al-Qiyam, 2(1), 168–175.
Elita, E., Inovasi, J., Sibarani, N., Septiana, E., & Iqbal, M. (2025). Analisis Budaya Kemandirian di Pesantren dari Perspektif Sosiologi Pendidikan Pondok Pesantren ( Studi Mengenai Realitas Kemandirian Santri di Pondok Pesantren diri di asrama yang mencakup aspek intelektual , emosional , dan sosial . Studi ini Bourdieu da. 2(September), 298–307.
Fitria, U., & Khalimah, N. (2024). Implementation of the hidden curriculum in the formation of the religious character of students. Curricula: Journal of Curriculum …. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/CURRICULA/article/view/73181
Husna, A. A., & Hamid, R. (2025). Integrasi Hidden Kurikulum Dalam Nilai Kedisiplinan Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Putri Salafiyah. Istifkar. https://jurnal.stik-kendal.ac.id/index.php/istifkar/article/view/155
Inaya, S., Umami, I., & Mujib, A. (2025). Hidden Curicullum Dalam Pengembangan Soft Skill Santri di Pondok Pesantren Darul A’mal Kota Metro. … Perspectives of Social and Science Journal. http://ipssj.com/index.php/ojs/article/view/470
Inayah, R. F., & Fuadi, F. (2025). The Influence of Managerial and Family Ownership on Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Indonesia. Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review, 8(3), 140–151. https://doi.org/10.26487/hebr.v8i3.6043
Inayah, S. (2025). Pembentukan Karakter Religius Santri Berbasis Hidden Curriculum di Pondok Pesantren Darul A’Mal Kota Metro. repository.metrouniv.ac.id. http://repository.metrouniv.ac.id/id/eprint/11856/
Kamala, D. R., & Aimah, S. (2026). DIGITALISASI KURIKULUM TERSEMBUNYI (HIDDEN CURRICULUM): TRANSFORMASI MANAJEMEN KEDISIPLINAN SANTRI DI TENGAH TREN ARUS …. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA). https://jurnal.mediaakademik.com/index.php/jma/article/view/4662
Kamala, D. R., Aimah, S., Blokagung, D., Karangdoro, D., & Banyuwangi, K. (2026). Digitalisasi Kurikulum Tersembunyi ( Hidden Curriculum ): Transformasi Manajemen Kedisiplinan Digitalisasi Kurikulum Tersembunyi ( Hidden Curriculum ): Transformasi Manajemen Kedisiplinan. 4(1).
Khafidhoh, P. N., & Aminuddin, A. (2022). Pengelolaan Manajemen Kurikulum Pesantren. Tartib: Jurnal of …. https://jurnal.darussalamuniversity.ac.id/index.php/TARTIB/article/view/5
Kolis, N. (2021). Implementasi hidden curriculum pesantren untuk mengembangkan karakter religius siswa di SMK Sunan Kalijaga Sampung Ponorogo. Excelencia: Journal of Islamic Education & …. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/48c5/caf5a40c3137f0c9ee16c3f54117ab809384.pdf
Maghfiroh, V. R., Anwar, M., Huda, M., & ... (2023). Model Pendidikan Multikultural (Telaah Hidden Curiculum di Pondok Buntet Pesantren Cirebon). Al-I’tibar: Jurnal …. http://journal.unuha.ac.id/index.php/JPIA/article/view/2118
Maulana, F., & Fuad, A. F. N. (2024). Hidden Curriculum through the Book of Ta’lim Muta’allim for Strengthening Students’ Character at the Integrated Islamic Boarding School Ibnunnafis in Depok. ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences …. https://jpabdimas.idjournal.eu/index.php/soshum/article/view/2393
Musahwi, M., & Wahyuni, Y. (2024). Implementation of the Hidden Curriculum of Religious Moderation Education at State Islamic Senior High Schools in the Cirebon Region. Jurnal Studi Sosial Keagamaan Syekh …. https://www.syekhnurjati.ac.id/sejati/index.php/sejati/article/view/77
Mustari, M., Hakim, M. N., Munir, N., & ... (2025). Model Strategic Adaptive Management dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pondok Pesantren. At Tadbir: Islamic …. http://jurnal.stituwjombang.ac.id/index.php/attadbir/article/view/2496
Naily, F. (2024). Pengaruh Kurikulum Tersembunyi (Hidden Curriculum) Terhadap Kepemimpinan Dan Spiritual Siswa Di Pondok Pesantren Modern …. digilib.uin-suka.ac.id. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/68432/
Pendidikan, J., No, V., Hal, J., Yulianti, A., & Sukanti, L. (2026). Analisis Motivasi Belajar sebagai Prediktor Pemahaman Siswa SDN Lita Sembada Bandung Barat. 1(2), 97–102.
Putri, E. (2023). Implementasi Hidden Curriculum dalam Pembentukan Karakter Religius Peserta Didik di MTs Pondok Pesantren Modern Babussalam Desa Teluk Bakung …. Journal Millia Islamia. https://jurnal.perima.or.id/index.php/JMI/article/view/385
Putri, T. N. (2023). Hidden Curriculum Dalam Pengembagan Soft Skill Siswa Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Mubtadiin. UNISAN JURNAL. http://journal.an-nur.ac.id/index.php/unisanjournal/article/view/722
Qarnain, N. (2025). Manajemen Kurikulum Pesantren Di Madrasah Diniyah Muadalah Tsanawiyah. Management.
Rakhmawan, Z., Usman, N., & ... (2023). Kurikulum tersembunyi pendidikan karakter dan model parenting di ma’had tahfidz Al-Qur’an Bina Madani Putri Grabag. BEMAS: Jurnal …. http://jurnal.sttmcileungsi.ac.id/index.php/bemas/article/view/588
ROHMAD, R. (2021). … Publikasi, Upload Ulang)... Implementasi Hidden Curriculum Pesantren Untuk Mengembangkan Karakter Religius Siswa di SMK …. etheses.iainponorogo.ac.id. https://etheses.iainponorogo.ac.id/14757/
Saputra, I. W., Arif, M. Z., & Saputro, A. D. (2024). Implementasi Hidden Curriculum Dalam Rangka Pembentukan Karakter Religius Di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Ponorogo. … : Jurnal Kajian Ilmu …. http://jurnal.staim-probolinggo.ac.id/index.php/Muaddib/article/view/2707
Sholihah, M., Wahyunik, S., & ... (2024). Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Di Pesantren, Sekolah Dan Madrasah. JURNAL …. http://ejournal.staidapondokkrempyang.ac.id/index.php/pikir/article/view/645
Sibarani, N., Septiana, E., & Iqbal, M. (2025). Analisis Budaya Kemandirian di Pesantren dari Perspektif Sosiologi Pendidikan. Edukasi Elita: Jurnal Inovasi …. https://journal.lpkd.or.id/index.php/Edukasi/article/view/2759
Trimala, A. F., & Hasibuan, Z. E. (2025). Implementasi Hiden Kurikulum Dalam Membentuk Karakter Religius Mahasiswa Ma’had Al-Jami’ah Uin Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary …. Ahsani Taqwim: Jurnal …. https://ejournal.yayasanbhz.org/index.php/AhsaniTaqwim/article/view/199
Warsah, I., & Septian, R. Y. (2022). Implementasi Kurikulum Tersembunyi Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMA Negeri 1 Rejang Lebong. Al-Ikhtibar: Jurnal Ilmu …. http://journal.iainlangsa.ac.id/index.php/ikhtibar/article/view/3852
Yakin, A., & Amin, K. (2021). Efektifitas hiddent curriculum dalam pengembangan karakter religius santri. Syaikhuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan …. https://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/madura/index.php/syaikhuna/article/view/4319
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Homsiyah, Tri Wahyudi Ramdhan, Moh Holil Baitaputra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with the Journal of Indonesian Islamic Studies agree to the following terms:
- Authors have retained full articles copyright and grant the Journal of Indonesian Islamic Studies right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the Journal of Indonesian Islamic Studies published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see also deposit policy and archiving on page journal).
