Preventing Gratuity in Marriage Registration: A Perspective Based on Lawrence M. Friedman’s Theory of Legal Systems

Ummu Aisyah

doi:10.24256/jiis.v6i1.12833

Authors

Ummu Aisyah Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24256/jiis.v6i1.12833

Keywords:

Legal Effectiveness, Gratuity, Marriage Registration, Legal System Theory

Abstract

This study analyzes efforts to prevent gratuity in marriage registration at the Kedungkandang Office of Religious Affairs (KUA), Malang City, and examines the implementation of Ministerial Regulation No. 14/2026 on the Control of Gratuity at the Ministry of Religious Affairs using Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory. This study employs empirical legal research with a sociological approach. Data were collected through documentation and interviews with five informants: the Head of the Kedungkandang Office of Religious Affairs, a marriage officiant, and three marriage registration service users from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Of the three service users, two were from households with relatively modest economic circumstances, while one came from a relatively affluent household. The classifications were based on household financial circumstances and the extent to which the husband and wife contributed to the household's livelihood before and after marriage. The findings show that gratuity prevention is implemented through the E-Billing system on the SIMKAH website, socialization during marriage inspections, the “Pagar Nikah” program, and social media outreach. Based on Friedman’s three elements of the legal system, the legal structure and legal substance are considered highly effective, while the legal culture is moderately effective. The limited effectiveness of the legal culture is reflected in the persistence of community practices of giving gifts to Office of Religious Affairs officials as expressions of gratitude, respect, or social custom, despite regulations prohibiting gratuity related to public services. Therefore, the implementation of Ministerial Regulation No. 14/2026 in preventing gratuity in marriage registration at the Kedungkandang Office of Religious Affairs is generally considered quite effective. Strengthening public awareness and internalizing an anti-gratuity culture among service users are necessary to ensure more effective implementation of gratuity control regulations.

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