QURANIC SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES CLASSIFYING AND ANALYZING NA’T PATTERNS (MUFRAD, JUMLAH, SYIBH AL-JUMLAH) IN SŪRAH AL-WĀQI’AH

Virda Shofiah; Hafshoh Amatullah; Agung Pranoto Kadiatmaja

doi:10.24256/jale.v9i1.10407

Authors

Virda Shofiah STAI Ali bin Abi Thalib Surabaya, Indonesia
Hafshoh Amatullah STAI Ali bin Abi Thalib Surabaya, Indonesia
Agung Pranoto Kadiatmaja STAI Ali bin Abi Thalib Surabaya, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24256/jale.v9i1.10407

Keywords:

Na’t, Sūrah al-Wāqi’ah, Functional Syntax, Identity Modification, Semantic Function

Abstract

This study aims to classify and analyze na’t (adjectival) patterns mufrad, jumlah, and syibh al-jumlah in Sūrah al-Wāqi’ah and to examine their functional roles in constructing eschatological meaning. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach on all 96 verses, data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model with classification guided by al-Ghalyāyinī’s functional parameters distinguishing at-tawḍīḥ (clarification) in definite nouns from at-takhṣīṣ (specification) in indefinite nouns. The findings reveal that na’t mufrad predominantly encodes at-takhṣīṣ, conveying permanent properties (at-thubūt) that construct stable, sensory-rich images of paradise, while syibh al-jumlah functions as a spatial and temporal anchor situating eschatological realities within concrete dimensions. The dominant asymmetry of at-takhṣīṣ (37 of 43 entries) over at-tawḍīḥ (6 entries) reflects a coherent rhetorical strategy in which specification projects the desirability of paradise, while economy of description in punitive passages projects finality and inevitability. This study contributes a systematic syntactic-functional model applicable to Qur’anic linguistic analysis and offers a practical framework for advanced naḥwu instruction in Arabic language education.

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