Conflict of Interest

Conflict of Interest

Pedagogik Journal of Islamic Elementary School requires authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial board members to disclose financial and non-financial interests that could influence, or reasonably appear to influence, their work or decisions. Such interests may involve personal relationships, professional activities, institutional affiliations, or commercial benefits. Transparent disclosure supports impartial assessment, research integrity, and public trust.

1. Responsibilities of Authors

A. Formal Disclosure

  • All authors must disclose relevant financial or non-financial relationships that could affect, or be perceived to affect, the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation.
  • Include a dedicated Declaration of Competing Interests section immediately before the References list, including when no competing interests exist.
  • The corresponding author coordinates the statement, and each author is responsible for the accuracy and completeness of their own disclosures. Relevant changes must be reported promptly during review or after publication.

B. Standard Declaration Templates

If Competing Interests Exist

Declaration of Competing Interests

Author A serves as a consultant for [Company/Organization], which produces the educational software evaluated in this study. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
If No Competing Interests Exist

Declaration of Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Templates must be adapted to reflect the actual circumstances of every author, including relevant non-financial interests.

C. Funding and Sponsor Involvement

Report financial or material support separately in the Funding or Acknowledgements section. Identify the sponsor, grant number where applicable, and the sponsor's role in the research and publication process. Funding disclosure does not replace a competing interests statement.

Funding Statement Example

This study was supported by [Grant Sponsor/Name] under grant [Grant Number, if applicable]. The sponsor's role in the study design, data collection, analysis, manuscript preparation, and decision to submit was [describe the involvement or state that the sponsor had no involvement].

2. Responsibilities of Peer Reviewers

The journal uses double-blind peer review. Reviewers must disclose relevant interests before accepting an invitation and must decline or withdraw when a conflict could compromise an impartial assessment.

Circumstances Requiring Recusal

  • Recognizing an author's identity and having a close personal, collaborative, supervisory, or directly competitive relationship that could bias the review.
  • Working at the same institution as an author.
  • Having a direct financial or commercial interest in the manuscript's subject or outcome.

If a possible conflict is discovered after review has begun, the reviewer must stop the assessment and notify the handling editor. When uncertain about a relationship, the reviewer should seek the editor's advice before proceeding.

Confidentiality: Reviewers must keep submitted materials confidential and must not use unpublished data, ideas, or findings for personal, professional, or commercial gain.

3. Responsibilities of Editors and the Editorial Board

Editorial Recusal

Editors must disclose relevant interests and recuse themselves from handling manuscripts authored by themselves, family members, direct colleagues at their institution, or recent close collaborators. The same requirement applies to other relationships that could compromise impartial judgment.

Independent Handling

An editor-authored submission is assigned to an independent editor without a relevant conflict of interest. The submitting editor takes no part in reviewer selection, confidential editorial discussions, or decisions and has no access to reviewer identities or internal editorial notes. They receive the same author-facing communications and anonymized reports as other authors.

Editor-authored manuscripts undergo the same review standards as other submissions. The independent editor is responsible for the editorial decision.

4. Managing Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest

When a potentially undisclosed interest is identified, the journal follows relevant COPE guidance. The affected individuals are asked to explain the circumstances, and an unconflicted editor assesses the evidence and appropriate action.

During Review

Assessment may be paused while clarification and an updated disclosure are obtained. A conflicted reviewer or editor is replaced, and an independent reassessment is arranged where necessary. Serious concealment or a materially compromised evaluation may lead to rejection, with reasons communicated to the authors.

After Publication

A confirmed omission is addressed through a linked correction or corrigendum where appropriate. An Expression of Concern may be issued while substantial concerns remain unresolved. Retraction is considered when the undisclosed interest seriously undermines the reliability, integrity, or editorial assessment of the work, in accordance with relevant COPE guidance.

Transparency and Proportionality: A disclosed competing interest does not automatically invalidate a study or prevent publication. Editorial action depends on the nature of the interest, the adequacy of disclosure, and its effect on the research or review process.