Burnout Akademik pada Mahasiswa: Tinjauan Literatur tentang Faktor Risiko, Intervensi, dan Peran Spiritualitas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/iqro.v6i2.12673Keywords:
burnout akademik, Mahasiswa, Tinjauan LiteraturAbstract
Abstrak
Burnout akademik ditandai oleh kelelahan emosional, sikap sinis terhadap kegiatan studi, dan menurunnya rasa efikasi akademik, dan kini semakin mendapat perhatian pada populasi mahasiswa. Artikel ini merupakan tinjauan literatur naratif yang bertujuan menelaah konsep, prevalensi, dampak, faktor risiko, intervensi, serta peran spiritualitas dalam burnout akademik pada mahasiswa berdasarkan publikasi tahun 2015 sampai 2023. Telaah terhadap meta-analisis, tinjauan sistematis, dan studi empiris menunjukkan bahwa burnout berkaitan dengan capaian akademik yang lebih rendah, bahwa tuntutan akademik yang berat, perfeksionisme yang diwarnai kecemasan, dan regulasi emosi yang kurang adaptif merupakan faktor risiko, sedangkan dukungan sosial, terutama dari dosen dan institusi, berfungsi sebagai faktor pelindung. Intervensi berbasis mindfulness menunjukkan efek kecil hingga sedang terhadap stres dan distres pada mahasiswa, meskipun bukti yang secara khusus menyasar burnout masih terbatas. Spiritualitas dan koping religius tampak berpotensi menjadi sumber daya psikologis, tetapi buktinya beragam dan sebagian besar berasal dari populasi selain mahasiswa. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa spiritualitas sebaiknya diposisikan sebagai pelengkap upaya struktural dan psikologis, bukan sebagai penggantinya, serta menegaskan perlunya penelitian pada mahasiswa Muslim di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: burnout akademik, mahasiswa, faktor risiko, intervensi, spiritualitas
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