Kerangka Pembelajaran Mobile Berimbang untuk Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini: Integrasi Digital, Bermain, Interaksi Sosial, dan Aktivitas Fisik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/tunascendekia.v9i2.12174Keywords:
aktivitas fisik, aplikasi edukatif, bermain digital, interaksi sosial, pembelajaran mobile, PAUDAbstract
Penggunaan perangkat mobile semakin hadir dalam lingkungan pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD), tetapi manfaat pedagogisnya perlu dipertimbangkan bersama kebutuhan anak untuk bermain, bergerak, berinteraksi, dan memperoleh pengalaman langsung. Artikel ini bertujuan mensintesis bukti tentang penggunaan pembelajaran mobile yang tidak menggantikan pengalaman perkembangan esensial tersebut serta merumuskan Balanced Mobile Learning Framework (BMLF). Kajian menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review (SLR) dengan logika pelaporan PRISMA 2020 dan sintesis tematik. Literatur dikelompokkan ke dalam empat ranah utama, yaitu pembelajaran digital, bermain, interaksi sosial, dan aktivitas fisik, dengan perhatian lintas tema pada kualitas aplikasi dan konteks penggunaan. Bukti menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi edukatif dapat meningkatkan capaian literasi dan matematika tertentu, tetapi besarnya pengaruh bersifat heterogen dan dipengaruhi jenis keterampilan, kualitas konten, tujuan penggunaan, pengukuran, serta konteks pembelajaran. Sebaliknya, penggunaan pasif, konten yang tidak sesuai usia, paparan latar belakang, dan penggunaan perangkat oleh pengasuh selama rutinitas anak berkaitan dengan hasil perkembangan yang kurang menguntungkan. Penggunaan bersama orang dewasa menunjukkan hubungan yang lebih positif dengan hasil kognitif. Berdasarkan sintesis tersebut, BMLF dirumuskan melalui lima prinsip: penggunaan digital yang bertujuan, desain sesuai perkembangan, mediasi orang dewasa dan teman sebaya, kesinambungan digital–fisik, serta perlindungan waktu perkembangan. Kerangka ini menempatkan teknologi mobile sebagai alat pelengkap pembelajaran, bukan pengganti bermain, gerak, dan interaksi manusia. Kontribusi artikel terletak pada pergeseran dari pendekatan yang berpusat pada perangkat menuju pendekatan ekologi perkembangan.
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