Dari Kewajiban Menuju Kapasitas: Kesenjangan Implementasi Pendidikan Inklusi di Kabupaten Cilacap
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/tunascendekia.v9i1.12588Keywords:
pendidikan inklusi, implementasi kebijakan, PDBK, kapasitas sekolah, Kabupaten CilacapAbstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis pelaksanaan pendidikan inklusi di Kabupaten Cilacap dengan menelaah hubungan antara kebijakan daerah, kapasitas sekolah, praktik layanan bagi peserta didik berkebutuhan khusus (PDBK), dan dukungan ekosistem pendidikan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus pada tiga setting, yaitu Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Cilacap, SD Islam Bustan El Firdaus sebagai sekolah yang telah melaksanakan pendidikan inklusi, dan SD Negeri Ujungmanik 03 sebagai sekolah yang belum melaksanakannya secara penuh. Data dikumpulkan pada April–Mei 2025 melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi. Analisis dilakukan secara tematik dengan pengodean, pencarian dan peninjauan tema, pendefinisian tema, serta pelaporan, disertai reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data diperkuat melalui triangulasi sumber dan member check. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara arah kebijakan yang mewajibkan sekolah menerima PDBK dan kapasitas implementasi di tingkat satuan pendidikan. Sejak 2019, tidak lagi diterbitkan izin inklusi khusus dan sekolah diarahkan menerima PDBK, tetapi dukungan teknis, anggaran, tenaga pendukung, fasilitas, dan pelatihan belum merata. SD Islam Bustan El Firdaus membangun kapasitas adaptif melalui diferensiasi pembelajaran, asesmen individual, buddy system, penataan ruang fleksibel, program lifeskill, terapi wicara, dan pengembangan bakat-minat. Sebaliknya, SD Negeri Ujungmanik 03 menempatkan kesiapan guru, fasilitas, media, dan pendampingan sebagai pertimbangan penting agar penerimaan PDBK tidak berhenti pada penerimaan administratif. Penelitian ini mengusulkan perspektif “kesenjangan kebijakan–kapasitas” sebagai cara membaca implementasi pendidikan inklusi di tingkat daerah.
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