A Psycholinguistics Analysis of Dyslexia in Elementary School of South Tapanuli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/tunascendekia.v9i1.12446Keywords:
disleksia, kesulitan belajar, dampak psikologi, sekolah dasar, Tapanuli SelatanAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik kesulitan membaca dan belajar pada siswa sekolah dasar di Tapanuli Selatan, menganalisis dampak psikologis yang muncul, serta mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kesulitan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melibatkan enam siswa sekolah dasar sebagai partisipan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan penilaian terhadap kemampuan membaca, menulis, mengeja, dan berhitung, serta pengamatan terhadap respons psikologis dan perilaku siswa selama kegiatan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipan memiliki profil kesulitan yang berbeda. P1 menunjukkan karakteristik double-deficit dyslexia, P2 dan P3 menunjukkan karakteristik phonological dyslexia, sedangkan P4 menunjukkan karakteristik surface dyslexia. P5 menunjukkan kesulitan yang lebih dominan dalam kemampuan berhitung yang mengarah pada profil dyscalculia dengan keterlambatan membaca, sementara P6 menunjukkan kesulitan yang lebih luas pada kemampuan literasi dan numerasi dasar. Kesulitan akademik tersebut juga berkaitan dengan rendahnya kepercayaan diri, kecemasan, frustrasi, keraguan untuk berpartisipasi, dan kecenderungan menarik diri. Faktor yang berkontribusi meliputi kesulitan pemrosesan fonologis, pengenalan kata, memori, kemampuan numerik, serta faktor lingkungan dan dukungan pendidikan. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya identifikasi dini, pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan individu, dukungan psikologis, serta kerja sama antara guru dan keluarga dalam membantu siswa dengan kesulitan belajar.
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