Dampak Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Perkembangan Perilaku Sosial Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Permata Bunda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/tunascendekia.v9i2.12159Keywords:
gadget, perilaku sosial, anak usia dini, PAUDAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan gadget yang tepat pada anak usia dini di PAUD Permata Bunda dan mengetahui dampak penggunaan gadget terhadap perilaku sosial anak usia dini di PAUD Permata Bunda. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di PAUD Permata Bunda, Jalan Binjai–Telagah, Dusun II Kampung Baru, Desa Raja Tengah, Kecamatan Kuala, Kabupaten Langkat pada semester genap Tahun Ajaran 2025/2026. Informan penelitian berjumlah 14 orang yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling, terdiri atas 6 orang tua murid, 6 anak didik, dan 2 guru. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan, dengan keabsahan data dijaga melalui triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pemanfaatan gadget pada anak di PAUD Permata Bunda belum sesuai dengan prinsip pendidikan anak usia dini, ditandai dengan frekuensi penggunaan 3–4 kali per hari, durasi lebih dari dua jam per hari pada sebagian besar anak, konten yang diakses didominasi oleh video animasi (100%), permainan daring (83%), dan lagu anak (67%) yang bersifat hiburan pasif, pendampingan orang tua yang rendah (33%), serta tujuan penggunaan yang didominasi hiburan (83%) dibandingkan sarana belajar (17%). Penggunaan gadget yang berlebihan dan minim pengawasan tersebut memberikan dampak negatif yang signifikan terhadap lima indikator perilaku sosial anak, yaitu menurunnya kemampuan berinteraksi, lemahnya kerja sama, rendahnya sikap empati, minimnya perilaku berbagi, dan sulitnya mengikuti aturan. Sebaliknya, anak yang penggunaan gadgetnya dibatasi dan didampingi orang tua menunjukkan perilaku sosial yang jauh lebih baik pada seluruh indikator tersebut. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengaturan waktu, konten, dan pendampingan orang tua dalam penggunaan gadget sangat menentukan kualitas perkembangan perilaku sosial anak usia dini. Jenis artikel: hasil penelitian.
References
Belton, S., Issartel, J., Behan, S., Goss, H., & Peers, C. (2021). The differential impact of screen time on children's wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9143. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179143
Dewantara, K. H. (2016). Pendidikan. UST Press.
Evy, N. (2020). Model Penjamin Mutu di Akademik Kebidanan Samarinda. Penerbit NEW.
Fadhallah, R. A. (2021). Wawancara. UNJ Press.
Froebel, F. (2020). The Education of Man. Dover Publications.
Gastaud, L. M., Trettim, J. P., Scholl, C. C., et al. (2023). Screen time, implications for early childhood cognitive development. Early Human Development, 183, 105792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105792
Guellai, B., Somogyi, E., Esseily, R., & Chopin, A. (2022). Effects of screen exposure on young children's cognitive development, a review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 923370. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923370
Hardani, H., Andriani, H., Ustiawaty, J., Utami, E. F., Istiqomah, R. R., Fardani, R. A., Sukmana, D. J., & Auliya, N. H. (2020). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Pustaka Ilmu.
Hartini, A., & Tresnaningsih, A. (2020). Analisis motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Jurnal Pekan, Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, 5(1), 73–74.
Itsna, N. M., & Rofi'ah, R. (2021). Dampak penggunaan gadget pada interaksi sosial anak usia dini. Ummul Qura, Jurnal Institut Pesantren Sunan Drajat (INSUD) Lamongan.
Karani, N. F., Sher, J., & Mophosho, M. (2022). The influence of screen time on children's language development, a scoping review. South African Journal of Communication Disorders, 69(1), a825. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v69i1.825
Kerai, S., Almas, A., Guhn, M., Forer, B., & Oberle, E. (2022). Screen time and developmental health, results from an early childhood study in Canada. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12701-3
Konok, V., Liszkai-Peres, K., Bunford, N., et al. (2021). Mobile use induces local attentional precedence and is associated with limited socio-cognitive skills in preschoolers. Computers in Human Behavior, 120, 106758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106758
Mallawaarachchi, S., Burley, J., Mavilidi, M., Howard, S. J., Straker, L., Kervin, L., Staton, S., Hayes, N., Machell, A., Torjinski, M., Brady, B., Thomas, G., Horwood, S., White, S. L. J., Zabatiero, J., Rivera, C., & Cliff, D. (2024). Early childhood screen use contexts and cognitive and psychosocial outcomes, a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 178(10), 1017–1026. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.2620
Marpaung, J. (2018). Pengaruh penggunaan gadget dalam kehidupan. KOPASTA, Journal of the Counseling Guidance Study Program.
Mekarisce, A. A. (2020). Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data pada penelitian kualitatif di bidang kesehatan masyarakat. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Masyarakat, Media Komunikasi Komunitas Kesehatan Masyarakat, 12(3), 145–151.
Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosda Karya.
Montessori, M. (2019). The Absorbent Mind. Henry Holt and Company.
Mukarromah, T. (2019). Dampak penggunaan gadget pada perkembangan sosial anak usia dini di Dusun Setia Bumi Kecamatan Seputih Banyak [Skripsi, IAIN Metro].
Noor, J. (2012). Metodologi Penelitian, Skripsi, Tesis, Disertasi, dan Karya Ilmiah. Kencana.
Novitasari, W., & Khotimah, N. (2019). Dampak penggunaan gadget terhadap interaksi sosial anak usia 5–6 tahun. Jurnal PAUD Teratai.
Nurfajriani, W. V., Ilhami, M. W., Mahendra, A., Afgani, M. W., & Sirodj, R. A. (2024). Triangulasi data dalam analisis data kualitatif. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 10(17), 827–828.
Piaget, J. (2019). Play, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood. Routledge.
Ren, W. (2023). The influence of screen media usage on child social development, a systematic review. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 8, 2110–2117. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4655
Sulung, U., & Muspawi, M. (2024). Memahami sumber data penelitian, primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Edu Research, 5(3), 112–113.
Susanto, D., & Jailani, M. S. (2023). Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data dalam penelitian ilmiah. QOSIM, Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Humaniora, 1(1), 53–61.
Takahashi, I., Obara, T., Ishikuro, M., Murakami, K., Ueno, F., Noda, A., Onuma, T., Shinoda, G., Nishimura, T., Tsuchiya, K. J., & Kuriyama, S. (2023). Screen time at age 1 year and communication and problem-solving developmental delay at 2 and 4 years. JAMA Pediatrics, 177(10), 1039–1046. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3057
Vygotsky, L. S. (2020). Mind in Society, The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press.
World Health Organization. (2019). Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep for Children under 5 Years of Age. WHO.
Yoland, V. N. (2024). Analisis dampak penggunaan gadget terhadap perilaku sosial dan prestasi belajar peserta didik di SD Muhammadiyah Metro [Doctoral dissertation, IAIN Metro].
Zhao, J., Yu, Z., Sun, X., Wu, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, D., Zhang, Y., & Jiang, F. (2022). Association between screen time trajectory and early childhood development in children in China. JAMA Pediatrics, 176(8), 768–775. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.1630
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Febby Ardera Br Ginting, Nurlaili

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Please find the rights and licenses in Tunas Cedekia. By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
2. Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
Tunas Cedekia's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Tunas Cedekia permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and Tunas Cedekia on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications.
4. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Tunas Cedekia will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. Tunas Cedekia will only communicate with the corresponding author.
5. Miscellaneous
Tunas Cedekia will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. Tunas Cedekia's editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers as mentioned in point 3.
Â
Every accepted manuscript should be accompanied by "Copyright Transfer Agreement" prior to the article publication.

Tunas Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)