Analisis Fatherless Situational Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Anak Usia Dini Keluarga TNI AU di Komplek Skadron Halim Perdanakusuma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24256/tunascendekia.v9i2.12559Keywords:
fatherless situational, karakter anak usia dini, keluarga militer, keterlibatan ayah, pengasuhanAbstract
Ketidakhadiran ayah pada keluarga militer berlangsung berulang dan berdurasi panjang. Kajian pendidikan anak usia dini di Indonesia masih jarang memisahkan kondisi tersebut dari fatherless permanent. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk fatherless situational pada keluarga TNI Angkatan Udara dan kaitannya dengan pembentukan karakter anak usia dini. Penelitian memakai pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus di RT 12 RW 04 Komplek Skadron Halim Perdanakusuma dan TK Angkasa 3 Halim Perdanakusuma, Jakarta Timur. Peneliti melibatkan 20 informan yang dipilih secara purposif sampling, yaitu tujuh ibu prajurit, lima ayah prajurit aktif, satu guru, dan tujuh anak berusia empat sampai enam tahun. Pengumpulan data berlangsung lima bulan melalui wawancara mendalam semi terstruktur, observasi non partisipan, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data mengikuti model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana. Keabsahan data diuji melalui triangulasi dan member check. Analisis menghasilkan 50 tema. Fatherless situational muncul karena pendidikan kedinasan, latihan, mutasi, Operasi Militer Perang dan Operasi Militer Selain Perang dengan durasi dua bulan sampai dua tahun. Anak menampilkan kemandirian, disiplin, tanggung jawab, kemampuan adaptasi sosial, dan kedewasaan emosional. Tiga mekanisme menjelaskan temuan itu, yaitu pembiasaan rutinitas oleh ibu, adaptasi psikologis anak terhadap perpisahan berulang, dan penguatan nilai oleh lingkungan komplek militer serta sekolah. Telepon dan video call berfungsi sebagai sarana transmisi nilai, bukan sekadar pengobat rindu. Teknologi tetap memiliki batas karena tidak menggantikan kebutuhan anak terhadap kontak fisik ayah. Kehadiran fisik ayah bukan satu-satunya penentu keberhasilan pembentukan karakter anak usia dini. Kualitas pengasuhan ibu, konsistensi nilai antar orang tua, dan dukungan lingkungan sosial memegang peran menentukan. Temuan ini berguna bagi keluarga prajurit, satuan pendidikan anak usia dini, dan institusi militer yang menyusun program ketahanan keluarga.
References
Amalia, P. (2024). Fatherless dan terapinya menurut Al-Qur'an [Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau]. https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/77837/
Anisa, P., Agustina, R. R. M., Azhari, M., & Yacob, H. H. (2026). Character education from Thomas Lickona's perspective in building moral intelligence in primary education. Journal of Education Research, 7(2), 322–327.
Arianti, S., Agusniatih, A., Monepa, J. M., & Zuama, S. N. (2025). Hubungan keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan terhadap kemampuan kognitif anak. Kiddo: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 6(2), 542–556. https://doi.org/10.19105/kiddo.v6i2.21479
Band, W. (2025). Role of fathers in promoting early childhood development in low- and middle-income countries: A review of the evidence. The World Bank Research Observer, 40(2), 211–234. https://academic.oup.com/wbro/article/40/2/211/7690325
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall.
Berk, L. E., & Meyers, A. B. (2023). Infants and children: Prenatal through middle childhood (9th ed.). Pearson.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Basic Books.
Bredekamp, S. (2023). Effective practices in early childhood education: Building a foundation (4th ed.). Pearson.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
Cabrera, N. J., & Volling, B. L. (2021). Fathers are parents, too! Widening the lens on parenting for children's development. Child Development Perspectives, 15(3), 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12402
Cabrera, N. J., Karberg, E., Malin, J. L., & Aldoney, D. (2021). The magic of play: Low-income mothers' and fathers' playfulness and children's emotion regulation and vocabulary skills. Infant Mental Health Journal, 42(4), 552–569. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21909
Cardozo, B. L. (2022). Parenting roles and family dynamics in military families. Journal of Family Studies.
Creswell, J. W. (2021). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (2021). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2021). The Sage handbook of qualitative research (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Detik.com. (2025, Agustus 4). 15,9 juta anak Indonesia fatherless, pakar UGM ungkap dampak bahayanya. DetikEdu. https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-8164378/15-9-juta-anak-indonesia-fatherless-pakar-ugm-ungkap-dampak-bahayanya
Duckworth, A. L., & Gross, J. J. (2021). Self-control and grit: Related but separable determinants of success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(3), 1–6.
Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., & Knafo-Noam, A. (2022). Prosocial development. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science. Wiley.
Fatah, N. A., Shanie, A., Muhajirin, M., Fatikah, E. Y. U., Damayanti, L., & Lutfiyah, N. (2025). Analisis peran orang tua dalam pembentukan regulasi emosi anak usia dini. Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(4), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.61116/jkip.v3i4.827
Guest, G., Namey, E., & Mitchell, M. (2021). Collecting qualitative data: A field manual for applied research. Sage Publications.
Hanna, N. S. S., & Simon, I. M. (2026). Analisis kematangan emosi remaja akhir yang mengalami ketiadaan peran ayah (fatherless). Ilmu Pendidikan: Jurnal Kajian Teori dan Praktik Kependidikan, 11(4), 212–227. https://doi.org/10.17977/2549-7774.004860
Huebner, A. (2021). Military family stress and child adjustment. Military Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/mil0000301
Husnurofik, Z., Samsun, S., Tjalla, A., & Syarifah, I. (2024). Pengaruh budaya terhadap pendidikan disiplin militer di Indonesia. Syntax Idea, 6(2), 578–592.
King, V. (2022). Family structure and child development. Cambridge University Press.
Kvale, S. (2021). Doing interviews. Sage Publications.
Lee, J. Y., & Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J. (2022). Resident fathers' positive engagement, parenting stress, and early child development. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 58, 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.08.004
Malti, T., Dys, S. P., & Zuffiano, A. (2021). Moral development and prosocial behavior. Child Development Perspectives, 15(3), 1–7.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Mushar, H., Sari, M., & Kurniawati, D. A. (2025). Dampak fatherless terhadap perkembangan emosi anak usia dini. Southeast Asian Journal of Technology and Science, 6(1), 102–108.
Navarro, J. L., & Tudge, J. R. H. (2022). Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological theory. Current Psychology, 43(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02738-3
Neal, J. W., & Neal, Z. P. (2021). Nested or networked? Future directions for ecological systems theory. Social Development, 30(2), 251–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12477
Ningrum, D., Utami, F. B., Yuminar, N., & Kasih, D. (2021). Pengaruh mata kuliah kecerdasan emosional terhadap self-awareness dan self-regulation mahasiswa semester 1 Universitas Panca Sakti Bekasi. PERNIK: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.31851/pernik.v4i2.5352
Nucci, L., & Narvaez, D. (2022). Handbook of moral and character education (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Nurmawati, N., Hirmah, N. A. K., Nuraeni, F. A., Octavia, Z. S., & Safitri, R. A. (2025). Dampak peran ayah yang hilang. Jurnal Fokus Konseling, 11(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.26638/jfk.2652.2099
Papalia, D. E., & Martorell, G. (2023). Experience human development (15th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Putra, A. T. A. (2026). Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan mixed methods. CV Pustaka Devanta.
Rolle, L. (2022). Father absence and child emotional development. Children and Youth Services Review.
Santrock, J. W. (2022). Life-span development (18th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Sugiyono. (2026). Metode penelitian kualitatif: Untuk penelitian yang bersifat eksploratif, interpretatif, interaktif, dan konstruktif (8th ed.). Alfabeta.
Tudge, J. R. H., Mercon-Vargas, E. A., Liang, Y., & Payir, A. (2022). The importance of Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory for early childhood education. In L. E. Cohen & S. Waite-Stupiansky (Eds.), Theories of early childhood education (pp. 50–61). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003288077-5
UNICEF. (2017). More than half of young children deprived of play and early learning activities with their fathers. UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/uganda/press-releases/more-half-young-children-deprived-play-and-early-learning-activities-their-fathers
Watini, S., & Choiriyah, C. (2024). Pengembangan karakter pada anak usia dini melalui keteladanan guru di Kelompok B TK Nusantara Plus School. JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(10), 12394–12401.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Hani Hadiyati, Choiriyah, Kasih
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Please find the rights and licenses in Tunas Cedekia. By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
2. Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
Tunas Cedekia's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, Tunas Cedekia permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and Tunas Cedekia on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications.
4. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Tunas Cedekia will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. Tunas Cedekia will only communicate with the corresponding author.
5. Miscellaneous
Tunas Cedekia will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. Tunas Cedekia's editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers as mentioned in point 3.
Â
Every accepted manuscript should be accompanied by "Copyright Transfer Agreement" prior to the article publication.
Tunas Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
